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2002 McGraw-Hill Australia, PPTs t/a Introductory Mathematics & Statistics for Business 4e by John S. Croucher
Slide 1
Chapter M1
Basic mathematics
Learning Objectives
Carry out calculations involving whole numbers Carry out calculations involving fractions Carry out calculations involving decimals Carry out calculations involving exponents Use and understand scientific notation Use and understand logarithms
2002 McGraw-Hill Australia, PPTs t/a Introductory Mathematics & Statistics for Business 4e by John S. Croucher
Slide 2
Whole numbers
Integer
is another name for a whole number
Digits
numerals consist of one or more digits
2002 McGraw-Hill Australia, PPTs t/a Introductory Mathematics & Statistics for Business 4e by John S. Croucher
Slide 3
Mathematical operations
+ -
2002 McGraw-Hill Australia, PPTs t/a Introductory Mathematics & Statistics for Business 4e by John S. Croucher
Slide 4
of operations:
Multiplication and division
BEFORE
2002 McGraw-Hill Australia, PPTs t/a Introductory Mathematics & Statistics for Business 4e by John S. Croucher
Slide 5
3 6 7 39
2002 McGraw-Hill Australia, PPTs t/a Introductory Mathematics & Statistics for Business 4e by John S. Croucher
Slide 6
Addition
like signsuse the sign and add unlike signsuse sign of greater and subtract
Subtraction
Two signs next to each other minus a minus is a plus-(-3)=3 minus a plus is a minus-(+3)=-3
2002 McGraw-Hill Australia, PPTs t/a Introductory Mathematics & Statistics for Business 4e by John S. Croucher
Slide 7
Fractions
denomin ator
Proper fractionnumerator less than denominator 3 8 Improper fractionnumerator greater than denominator 15 7
2002 McGraw-Hill Australia, PPTs t/a Introductory Mathematics & Statistics for Business 4e by John S. Croucher
Slide 8
Different denominators
change denominators to lowest common multiple
1 2 5 6 4 15 25 7 1 3 9 6 18 18 18
LCM (Lowest Common multiple) is the smallest number into which all denominators will divide
2002 McGraw-Hill Australia, PPTs t/a Introductory Mathematics & Statistics for Business 4e by John S. Croucher
Slide 9
2002 McGraw-Hill Australia, PPTs t/a Introductory Mathematics & Statistics for Business 4e by John S. Croucher
Slide 10
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Decimals
Any fractions can be expressed as a decimal by dividing the numerator by the denominator.
A decimal consists of three components:
an integer a decimal point another integer.
2002 McGraw-Hill Australia, PPTs t/a Introductory Mathematics & Statistics for Business 4e by John S. Croucher
Slide 11
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Slide 12
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2002 McGraw-Hill Australia, PPTs t/a Introductory Mathematics & Statistics for Business 4e by John S. Croucher
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Exponents
An exponent or power of a number is written as a superscript to a number called the base. The base number is said to be in exponential form. Exponential forman
where a is the base where n is the exponent or power
2002 McGraw-Hill Australia, PPTs t/a Introductory Mathematics & Statistics for Business 4e by John S. Croucher
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Positive exponents
Two numbers with same basean & am The product will have the same base; the exponent will be the sum of the two original exponentsan x am = an+m The quotient of the two numbers will have the same base; the exponent will be the difference between the original exponentsan am = an-m
2002 McGraw-Hill Australia, PPTs t/a Introductory Mathematics & Statistics for Business 4e by John S. Croucher
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Positive exponents
A number in exponential form is raised to another exponent. The result is the original base raised to the product of the exponents. (an )m = anm
Negative exponents
A number expressed with a negative exponent is equal to the reciprocal of the same number with the negative sign removed.
an
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2002 McGraw-Hill Australia, PPTs t/a Introductory Mathematics & Statistics for Business 4e by John S. Croucher
Fractional exponents
Exponents can be expressed as a fraction
where k is an integer and is said to be the kth root of a when k=2 it is the square root; k=3 is the cube root
1 ak
2002 McGraw-Hill Australia, PPTs t/a Introductory Mathematics & Statistics for Business 4e by John S. Croucher
Slide 17
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Scientific notation
Scientific notation is a shorthand way of writing very large and very small numbers. Scientific notation expresses the number as a numeral (less than 10) multiplied by the base number 10 raised to an exponent. The reference position for the decimal point in a number is immediately to the right of the first non-zero digit.
2002 McGraw-Hill Australia, PPTs t/a Introductory Mathematics & Statistics for Business 4e by John S. Croucher
Slide 18
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Logarithms
Logarithms are closely connected to the theory of exponents. Calculations using logarithms have been replaced by calculators since the 1970s. An understanding of logarithms can be useful in statistics, physics, engineering etc. The logarithm of a number N to a base b is the power to which b must be raised to obtain N. logbN That is, if x = logbN, then N = bx
2002 McGraw-Hill Australia, PPTs t/a Introductory Mathematics & Statistics for Business 4e by John S. Croucher
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