LEARNING PROCESS

EXPLANATION OF THE MEDICAL LEARNING PROCESS IN THE NEW PARADIGM

AFIFAH ALFYANITA
ANGGITA TIARA PRAMADIAZ AZIZAH AFDILA PUTRI

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GROUP 25D
Tutor : Drs. Julizar, M.Kes, Apt

DEO CERLOVA MILANO

INDAH PERMATA SARI NAZLA PUTRI SUKMA NOVI YUDIA NURUL FITRI KHUMAIRA PUTRI SRI KARTIKA RISKA FITRIANA HERMAN VADHANA TRUNAKARASU

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Block 1.1 : Learning Process

Terms and Concepts

Scene 1 : The Busy Student

Dr. Anjas, aged 40, went to Padang to participate in a seminar on Evidence Based Medicine (EBM). He visited his parents during his stay there. Dr. Anjas is a Primary Care Physician who is assigned in a Remote Health Care Centre. However, he is very concerned about the development of medicine science. His youngest brother was recently accepted as a student into the Faculty of Medicine in University of Andalas. Dr. Anjas is surprised to see the learning activities

carried out by his brother as it was totally different from what he himself went
through many years ago. During his time, there were only lectures and practicum but his brother has to go through tutorials, propaedeutics, skills lab and plenary too.

Dr. Anjas asked his brother about this matter and it was obvious that there was a significant change in the paradigm of education that is from teacher centered learning to student centered learning. The curriculum that is used now is Competency Based Curriculum. Dr. Anjass brother explains that the current method of learning is Problem Based Learning (PBL) in which students have the small structured group discussions using the seven jump steps. Beside that, there are also changes in the evaluation method. Now, it does not only focus on the written examination but there is also exam skills and evaluation during the process of tutorials. Therefore, his brother becomes busy as he has many self studying to do. to help the students in understanding the medical terminologies during references, the students are given propaedeutics from their lecturers. How is the education in clinical level? Did it change too? asked Dr. Anjas. I am not so sure,

but as I know there is indeed a change compared to the previous time, his brother
replied. How do you explain the paradigm change in the medical education in this new era?

Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) Life-long learning Competency Based Curriculum Primary Care Physician (PCP) Tutorial Propaedeutics

Skills lab
Plenary The paradigm of medical learning Teacher centered learning Student centered learning Problem Based Learning (PBL) Seven jump

Medical terminology

Problems

How is the medical paradigm in medical faculty nowadays? Why is Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) needed? How to apply life-long learning in real life? How is the curriculum in medical faculty? How is the evaluation methods of Problem Based Learning? What are the advantages and disadvantages of Problem Based Learning?

What are the backgrounds in changing between teacher centered learning and
student centered learning? How to explain the meaning of medical terminology?

Problems Analysis

How is the medical paradigm in medical faculty nowadays?

Students are required to be more active in the learning process

Students are required to know the communications skill and the

learning methods.
Lecturers just as a facilitors

Why is Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) needed?

The best way to provide treatment to patients. More efficient than conventional methods like attending seminar or

reading journal
Technological developments simplify the realization of Evidence Based

Medicine.

How to apply life-long learning in real life?

Formal : Going to school or university and taking next level education

Informal : Attending seminar and reading medical journal

How is the curriculum in medical faculty?

Using Competency Based Curriculum

Using Problem Based Learning (PBL) as the real realization of

Competency Based Curriculum

How is the evaluation methods of Problem Based Learning?

Components

Percentage

Tutorial
Skills Lab Writing Test

20%
20% 60%

What are the advantages and disadvantages of Problem Based Learning?

Advantages :
We can more understand well and effectively
Can integrated new information Increase students ability Increase in analyzing, understanding, and finishing the complex

problem
Direct communication and writing Self directed learning More focused on the individuals of the group

Disadvantages :

The lazy student will not get any goal

The student who do not like work in team will more passive Less time meeting Student who used to study like in senior high school, will not serious work in their group The students might not be in the best position to determine what is important for them and what is not.

What are the backgrounds in changing between teacher centered learning and student centered learning? There are numurous reason that make the learning system change. They

are :

globalisation General reason high competetion Constructivism theory the development of information and Educational background Learning is an active process. We can communication get it from experience Novice become high quality graduates Cognitive psychology Adult theory science and technology Someone can be classified as an adult

Expert

from his age and psychology .

How to explain the meaning of medical terminology?

Medical terminology is terms that is used in medical world.

It can be some worlds that describe the meaning of a diseases, human

body, etc.

Scheme

The Paradigm of Medical Learning

Evidence Based Medicine

Life-long Learning

Curriculum

Learning Methods

Formal

Conventional Curriculum Curriculum Based Competency

Problem Based Learning Student Centered Learning Teacher Centered Learning

Informal

Acedemic Stage

Clinical Stage

Learning Process

Evaluation

Learning Objectives

 Students are able to explain the paradigm of medical learning. Students are able to understand the basic concepts of Evidence Based Medicine. Students are able to understand the basic concepts of life-long learning. Students are able to understand the concepts of curriculum based competency. Students are able to understand the basic concepts of Problem Based Learning (PBL). Students are able to differentiate between Student Centered Learning and Teacher Centered Learning. Students are able to understand the learning process and evaluation process in Andalas University. Students are able to explain the medical terminology.

1.

The Paradigm of Medical Learning

Purpose to graduate professional doctor who can serve primary service based

on family oriented medications.

Medical education is not only directed at memorization skills but also on

critical and analytical skills in preparing professional doctors who are competent in dealing with various clinical conditions.
Medical faculty uses Problem Based Learning (PBL) method in order to

graduate professional doctor

2.

Evidence Based Medicine (EBM)

Refer to scientific evidence which is used in adapting clinical decision.

Purpose : Decreasing affect of medical error. Students are able to apply Life long learning Applying concept of 7 jump in real condition. Taking the clinical decision.

 3 criticals investigation of Evidence Based Medicine :

Is the research valid? Is the result important? If the valid research and important results are available, will they be useful for patient ?

3.

Life-long learning

Life-long learning is a life time learning which is needed to keep the

information up to date and refresh our knowledge because of the

technology and science knowledge development.

Life-long learning is also the continuous building of skills and

knowledge throughout the life of an individual.

 Life long learning could be divided into 2 learning process:

Formal way
This is a system or structure doing in school life until the lecture in university which is taught by professionals. These forms of formal long life learning could be got by lecture process, taking the next level education, attending the medical training, counseling and tutorial. Informal way This is a learning process other than the lectures method. We could get this long life learning from seminar, reading journals and life experiences.

 Subject of life-long learning :

Knowledge
Self control Life-long Learning principals : Learning to know Learning to do Learning to be Learning to live together

4.

Competency Based Curriculum

KIPDI I ( 1982 1992)

Basic science
Medical chemistry Medical biology Medical physic Preclinical : anatomy & histology Para clinic : microbiology Clinic : radiology

KIPDI II ( 1992 2004) Focuses on IPTEKDOK KIPDI III (2004 until now) Use PBL system with SCL method Focuses on : Primary doctor Family doctor

5.

Problem Based Learning (PBL)

The Purpose of Problem Based Learning

Build and develop the learning of students who meet all three criteria of

learning domains.
In the field of knowledge : the form of basic science and applied science

in an integrated manner.
In the area of skills : the form of scientific reasoning, critical appraisal,

information literacy, self-directed learning, life-long learning.

 In the field of Attitudes : a value of frameworks, inter-human relations,

which relate to psychosocial problems (psychosocial issues).

Problem Based Learning Demands Students can learn their own Students can learn to be independent based on the Lifelong Learning Students can implement the concepts of seven jumps

 Medical Faculty in Andalas University uses Competency Based

Curriculum that apply PBL as its education strategy

PBL system consist of : Block consist of modules that must be learned. Module based on scenarios Discussed in the tutorial

Generic Skills and Attitudes Teamwork Communication skills Critical evaluation of literature Chairing a group Self directed learning and use of resources Listening Presentation skills Cooperation Respect for colleagues views

Example of Trigger Materials for PBL Scenarios

Paper based clinical scenarios

Experimental or clinical laboratory data Photographs

Video clips
Newspaper articles All or part of an article from a scientific journal A real or simulated patient A family tree showing an inherited disorder

Group Etiquettes Forming Students are obedient, patient, soft spoken, shy and friendly Each member has their own opinion Storming After a few tutorials, students do not feel like strangers They work hard to maintain stability in group by solving small problems in group and evening out unfairness

 Norming

Small misunderstandings in group are solved and students start to

cooperate better Members start to understand each other better and is able to appreciate other members

Performing Group members work together as a productive team and able to achieve their goals

Strategies of Problem Based Learning :

Student centered
Problem-based Integrated teaching Community oriented (based) Elective clinical exposure Self directed learning

6. Teacher Centered Learning and Students Centered Learning

Teacher Centered Learning

Student Centered Learning

Reinforce Pasiveness
Teachers provide answers

Reinforce Activeness
Teachers ask questions

One oriented learning system

Individualist and competitive Highly-lecture based Tutor as an instructor Short terms memory

Multi-oriented learning system

Collaborative, supportive, and comperative Lowly lecture based Tutor as scaffholding Long terms memory

7.

Learning Process and Evaluation Process in Andalas University

Learning processes :

Propaedeutics
Tutorial Skills Lab Practicum Plenary

 Evaluation processes :

Writing test
Skills lab test Progress test

8. Medical Terminology

Medical terminology consist of three element; prefix, root, and suffix.

Medical terminology can be found in medical dictionary.

Medical expert must know the meaning of the term in medical world.

The function of medical terminologies are : To communicate with other medical experts

To prevent miscommunication among other medical experts

To understand the term that frequently used in medical world