Ims DB

IMS - DB
SESSION 1
IMS GENERAL CONCEPTS
SESSION 2
SESSION 3 SESSION 4 SESSION 5
DL/I CONTROL BLOCKS

SEGMENT SEARCH ARGUMENTS (SSAs) COBOL BASICS FOR IMS DL/I CALLS
SESSION 6
SESSION 7 SESSION 8 SESSION 9
COMMAND CODES
DL/I CALLS EXERCISE DATABASE ACCESS METHODS MULTIPLE PROCESSING
SESSION 10
SESSION 11 SESSION 12 SESSION 13 SESSION 14
SECONDARY INDEXING
LOGICAL RELATIONSHIP DB RECOVERY/RESTART EFFICIENT PROGRAMMING TIPS COMMON IMS ABENDS
SESSION 1
IMS - INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM DEVELOPED IN 1968 BY IBM DATA LANGUAGE-I (DL/I) WAS DEVELOPED AS A INTERFACE BETWEEN APPLICATION CODE AND DATA IN IMS DATABASE

HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE
ROOT SEGMENT (PARENT)
Continued ...
FOLLOWS INVERTED TREE STRUCTURE

A2 A1
-- Level 1
EACH BOX IN THE HIERARCHY REPRESENTS A SEGMENT

ROOT SEGMENT WILL BE ON TOP EACH SEGMENT (EXCEPT ROOT SEGMENT)
SEGMENT OCCURRNCES
B3 B1 B2 C1 D1
IS DIRECTLY DEPENDENT ON ONLY ONE SEGMENT -- Level 2
TWIN SEGMENTS
DEPENDENT SEGMENTS
Continued ...
SEGMENT IS THE SMALLEST INFORMATION THAT DL/I CAN FETCH

EACH SEGMENT WILL HAVE UNIQUE 8 CHARACTER (MAX) NAME SEGMENTS ARE MADE UP OF 1 OR MORE FIELDS FIELD IS THE SMALLEST UNIT THAT DL/I CAN HANDLE EACH FIELD WILL HAVE MAX 8 CHARACTER NAME
SEGMENT TYPE vs SEGMENT OCCURRENCE

SEGMENT OCCURRENCE IS A PARTICULAR INSTANCE OF A SEGMENT TYPE

TWO TYPES OF FIELDS
KEY FIELDS SEARCH FIELDS KEY FIELD IS USED TO SEQUENCE DATABASE AND IT CAN NOT BE CHANGED BOTH TYPES OF FIELDS CAN BE USED TO SEARCH DATABASE
Continued ...

TYPES OF SEGMENTS
ROOT PARENT A SEGMENT WITHOUT PARENT
Continued ...
A SEGMENT WITH ONE OR MORE DEPENDENT SEGMENTS

DIRECTLY UNDER IT A SEGMENT WHICH IS DIRECTLY DEPENDENT ON ANOTHER CHILD SEGMENT ALL SEGMENTS UNDER A PARTICULAR SEGMENT OF THE DATABASE ALL OCCURRENCES (2 OR MORE) OF A SEGMENT TYPE UNDER A PARENT OCCURRENCES OF DIFFERENT SEGMENT TYPES UNDER A PARENT
DEPENDENT
TWIN
SIBLINGS

EXERCISE - 1
1
Continued ...
1. WHICH SEGMENTS ARE DEPENDENT ON SEGMENT 4? 2. WHICH SEGMENTS ARE CHILD SEGMENTS OF SEGMENT 1? 3. WHICH SEGMENTS ARE DEPENDENT SEGMENTS OF SEGMENT 1? 4. HOW MANY LEVELS?

DATABASE RECORD
Continued ...
ONE OCCURRENCE OF A ROOT SEGMENT ALONG WITH ALL ITS DEPENDENT SEGMENTS

EXERCISE-2
Continued ...
HOW MANY DATABASE RECORDS?

IMS DATABASE LIMITATIONS
IMS SUPPORTS 15 LEVELS 255 SEGMENTS 1000 FIELDS
Continued ...
NO LIMITATION ON NUMBER OF SEGMENT OCCURRENCES.

IMS ENVIRONMENT
DL/I FORMS BRIDGE BETWEEN APPLICATION PROGRAM AND IMS DATABASE
DB PCB interface
Continued ...
App Prog
DL/I IS DATABASE MANAGER. IT CONSISTS OF IMS PROGRAM MODULES THAT RUN EXTERNAL TO APPLICATION PROGRAM DL/I ALLOWS SEQUENTIAL OR RANDOM PROCESSING OF DATABASE
I/O PCB interface
DL/I
DC
Database
Terminal

IMS ENVIRONMENT
MODES OF PROCESSING BATCH DL/I MODE MPP MODE BMP MODE
Continued ...
ONLINE
BATCH
MPP
BMP
DL/I

IMS ENVIRONMENT
BATCH DL/I TRUE BATCH PROCESSING NO DATA COMMUNICATION SERVICES ARE USED DATABASES ACCESSED MUST BE OFFLINE
Continued ...
MPP (MESSAGE PROCESSING PROGRAM)

TRUE ONLINE PROCESSING TRANSACTION ARE ENTERED AT TERMINAL AND STORED IN MESSAGE QUEUE DATABASES ACCESSED MUST BE ONLINE

IMS ENVIRONMENT
BMP (BATCH MESSAGE PROCESSING)
Continued ...
TWO TYPES
1. TRANSACTION ORIENTED: CAN READ & WRITE TO ONLINE MESSAGE QUEUES CAN PROCESS ONLINE FILES AND DATABASES
2. BATCH ORIENTED: CAN ONLY READ MESSAGE QUEUES ACCESS ONLINE DATABASES IN BATCH MODE
SESSION 2
DL/I CONTROL BLOCKS
DL/I CONTROL BLOCKS
DATABASE DESCRIPTION (DBD) DEFINES THE LAYOUT OF THE DATABASE DATABASE ADMINISTRATOR DEFINES LAYOUT USING DBDGEN MACRO
PROGRAM SPECIFICATION BLOCK (PSB) DEFINES THE PROGRAMS VIEW OF THE DATABASE AND APPLICATION PROGRAMS ACCESS AUTHORITY TO DATABASE DATABASE ADMINISTRATOR / PROGRAMMER DEFINES THIS USING PSBGEN MACRO
DL/I CONTROL BLOCKS

DATA BASE DESCRIPTION (DBD)
Continued ...
STATEMENTS IN DBD MACRO STATEMENT DBD DATASET SEGM FIELD DESCRIPTION SPECIFIES DATABASE NAME, ACCESS METHOD SPECIFIES DD NAME TO BE USED IN JCL, DISK TYPE SPECIFIES SEGMENT NAME,SEGMENT LENGTH, PARENT SPECIFIES FIELD NAME, LENGTH, STARTING POSITION IDENTIFIES A FIELD AS KEY OR SEARCH FIELD
DL/I CONTROL BLOCKS

SAMPLE DBDGEN
PRINT NOGEN DBD NAME=VENDOR,ACCESS=HDAM DATASET DD1=VEND,DEVICE=3380 SEGM NAME=VENSEG,PARENT=0,BYTES=10 FIELD NAME=(VENCODE,SEQ,U),BYTES=10,START=1,TYPE=C SEGM NAME=ITEMSEG,PARENT=VENSEG,BYTES=5 FIELD NAME=(ITEMCODE,SEQ,U),BYTES=5,START=1,TYPE=C SEGM NAME=LOCNSEG,PARENT=ITEMSEG,BYTES=9 FIELD NAME=(LOCNCODE,SEQ),BYTES=3,START=1,TYPE=C FIELD NAME=ORDDATE,BYTES=6,START=4,TYPE=C DBDGEN FINISH END
Continued ...
DL/I CONTROL BLOCKS

DATATYPES USED IN DBDGEN
Continued ...
TYPE C P
DESCRIPTION Character (Default) Packed Decimal
COBOL PICTURE X COMP-3
Z
H F
Zoned Decimal
Half Word Binary Full Word Binary
S9
9(4) COMP 9(8) COMP
DL/I CONTROL BLOCKS
Continued ...
CAN WE DEFINE OVERLAPPING FIELDS?
DL/I CONTROL BLOCKS
Continued ...
PROGRAM SPECIFICATION BLOCK (PSB)

MADE UP OF ONE OR MORE PROGRAM COMMUNICATION BLOCKS (PCBs) DB PCB - DEFINES PROGRAMS VIEW OF A IMS DATABASE WHENEVER A DATABASE VIEW DEFINED BY THE PCB IS ACCESSED BY A CALL, THE RESULTS OF CALL ARE PASSED THROUGH THE PCB TO PROGRAM PSB IS GENERATED BY PSBGEN MACRO
DL/I CONTROL BLOCKS

PCB GIVES LOGICAL VIEW OF A DATABASE
Continued ...
PORTION OF DATABASE THAT THE PROGRAM PROCESSES IS CALLED APPLICATION DATA STRUCTURE DATABASE PCB
A
DL/I CONTROL BLOCKS

SAMPLE PSBGEN
Continued ...
PRINT PCB
NOGEN TYPE=DB,DBDNAME=VENDOR,KEYLEN=15,PROCOPT=LS
SENSEG NAME=VENSEG
SENSEG NAME=ITEMSEG,PARENT=VENSEG PSBGEN END
KEYLEN IS THE LENGTH OF CONCATENATED KEY
DL/I CONTROL BLOCKS

PROCOPTS IN PSB DEFINES SECURITY LEVEL FOR THE PROGRAM PROCOPT G I R D A L LS K O P Get or Read Insert Replace Delete All Options (G, I, R, D) DESCRIPTION
Continued ...
Initial Load
Sequential Initial Load
Access only Key of segment

Used with G to Indicate that Hold is not allowed Path Calls
DL/I CONTROL BLOCKS
Continued ...
APPLICATION PROGRAM CAN HAVE MULTIPLE VIEWS OF A DATABASE BY USING SEPARATE PCBS FOR A SINGLE DATABASE
PSB PCB1 PCB2
PCB3
PCB4
DBD1
DBD2
DBD3
DL/I CONTROL BLOCKS

PRINT
PCB
Continued ...
NOGEN
TYPE=DB,DBDNAME=VENDOR,KEYLEN=15
SENSEG NAME=VENSEG,PROCOPT=G SENSEG NAME=ITEMSEG,PARENT=VENSEG,PROCOPT=R
SENSEG NAME=LOCNSEG,PARENT=ITEMSEG,PROCOPT=A
PSBGEN END
1. LIST THE SEGMENTS THAT MAY BE UPDATED USING THIS PSB 2. LIST THE SEGMENTS THAT CANNOT BE UPDATED 3. GIVE THE VALID PROCOPT TO BE CODED FOR ADDING AND REPLACING RECORDS IN LOCATION SEGMENT
DL/I CONTROL BLOCKS

EMPDATA
Continued ...
WORKDATA
DEPTDATA
BENDATA
BASED ON THE ABOVE VIEW OF DATABASE FILL IN THE MISSING PIECES OF PCB
PCB TYPE=DB,DBDNAME=EMPDB,KEYLEN=16,PROCOPT=G
SENSEG NAME=_________________,PARENT=_____________________
SENSEG NAME=_________________,PARENT=_____________________ SENSEG NAME=_________________,PARENT=_____________________ SENSEG NAME=_________________,PARENT=_____________________
PSBGEN LANG=COBOL,PSBNAME=EMPPSBY
END
SESSION 3
SEGMENT SEARCH ARGUMENT

THE SSA IS AN AREA IN WORKING STORAGE USED TO IDENTIFY THE SEGMENT TO WHICH ACCESS IS REQUIRED IT IS AN OPTIONAL DL/I CALL PARAMETER THAT QUALIFIES A CALL BY SPECIFIYING A PARTICULAR SEGMENT TYPE OR OCCURRENCE
WHEN SPECIFIED IN A DL/I CALL THE SSA ALWAYS FOLLOWS I/O PARAMETER THERE MAY BE 1 TO 15 SSAs IN A CALL STATEMENT THE SSAs MUST APPEAR IN HIERARCHICAL ORDER BY SEGMENT TYPE THE SSA CONTAINS INFORMATION TO OBTAIN THE REQUIRED SEGMENT. THE INFORMATION COULD BY SEGMENT NAME OR SEGMENT NAME & SEGMENT KEY OR SEGMENT NAME & SEARCH FIELD
Continued ...
WHAT IS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF MAX 15 SSA?

TYPES OF SSAS
UNQUALIFIED SEARCHES FOR A SPECIFIC SEGMENT TYPE
Continued ...
QUALIFIED
SEARCHES FOR A SPECIFIC SEGMENT OCCURRENCE MORE EFFICIENT THAN UNQUALIFIED SSA

UNQUALIFIED SSA
WORKING-STORAGE-SECTION. .. 01 HISTORY-SSA.
Continued ...
05
05
SEGMENT-NAME PIC X(8) VALUE HISTORY .

FILLER PIC X(1) VALUE SPACE.
Blank in 9th position or * in 9th position - in position 10 and a blank in position 11
H I S T O R Y
H I S T O R Y * -

QUALIFIED SSA
Continued ...
WORKING-STORAGE-SECTION. .. 01 SSA-EMPLOYEE. 03 SEGMENT-NAME PIC X(8) VALUE EMPLOYEE 03 COMMAND-CODE PIC X(2) VALUE *-. 03 BEGIN-QUALIFY PIC X(1) VALUE (. 03 KEY-NAME PIC X(8) VALUE EMPKEY . 03 OPERATOR PIC X(2) VALUE =. 03 KEY-VALUE PIC X(12) . 03 END-QUALIFY PIC X(1) VALUE ). PROCEDURE DIVISION. .. MOVE 123456789000 TO KEY-VALUE. CALL CBLTDLI USING FUNC-CODE, PCB-MASK-1, IO-AREA, SSA-EMPLOYEE.

OPERATORS USED IN QUALIFIED SSA
Continued ...
OPERATOR
SYMBOLS
Equal to
Not Equal to Less than
EQ, = , =
NE, =, = LT, < , <
Less than or Equal to

Greater than Greater than or Equal to
LE, <=, =<

GT, > , > GE, >=, =>

COMMAND CODES
COMMAND CODES INCREASE THE FUNCTIONALITY OF IMS CALLS
Continued ...
COMMAND CODES ARE DESIGNATED BY AN ASTERISK * FOLLOWED BY CHARACTERS
NOTE: Detailed description of Command codes will be covered in Session COMMAND CODES
SESSION 4
COBOL BASICS FOR IMS

DATA DIVISION
IN A COBOL-IMS PROGRAM. THE FIRST SECTION TO CONTAIN ANY IMS RELATED
COMPONENTS IS THE WORKING STORAGE SECTION
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION ENVIRONMENT DIVISION DATA DIVISION FILE SECTION WORKING STORAGE SECTION LINKAGE SECTION PROCEDURE DIVISION
FUNCTION CODES I/O AREA SEGMENT SEARCH ARGUMENTS
PCB MASKS

FUNCTION CODES
Continued ...
A FUNCTION CODE IS A 4 BYTE CODE TO TELL DL/I WHAT KIND OF CALL THE PROGRAM IS MAKING SOME VALID FUNCTION CODES ARE GU GET UNIQUE GN GET NEXT GNP GET NEXT WITHIN PARENT GHU GET HOLD UNIQUE GHN GET HOLD NEXT GHNP GET HOLD NEXT WITHIN PARENT DLET DELETE REPL REPLACE ISRT INSERT XRST EXTENDED RESTART CHKP CHECKPOINT

INPUT/OUTPUT AREA
Continued ...
IS A STANDARD RECORD DESCRIPTION IN THE WORKING STORAGE SECTION WHICH HOLDS DATABASE SEGMENTS FOR MANIPULATION IS USED BY DL/I TO PASS SEGMENTS TO THE PROGRAM CAN BE USED BY PROGRAMMER TO ADD OR REPLACE SEGMENT DATA MUST BE EQUAL TO OR GREATER THAN THE LENGTH OF THE LONGEST SEGMENT TO BE USED BY THE PROGRAM IN CASES WHERE MULTIPLE SEGMENTS OF A HIERARCHY ARE UPDATED OR RETRIEVED, THE I/O AREA MUST BE LARGE ENOUGH TO HOLD THE LARGEST CONCATENATION OF THESE SEGMENTS

THE PCB MASK
USED IN LINKAGE SECTION
Continued ...
LINKAGE SECTION
01 DB-PCB-1. PIC X(8). PIC X(2). PIC X(2). PIC X(4). PIC S9(5) COMP. PIC X(8). PIC S9(5) COMP. PIC S9(5) COMP. 03 DBD-NAME 03 SEG-LEVEL 03 STATUS-CODE 03 PROC-OPTIONS 03 IMS-RESERVED 03 SEG-NAME 03 KEY-LEN 03 NUM-SENS-SEGS
03 KEY-FEEDBACK
PIC X(??). <= length depends on segment key

THE PCB MASK
THERE SHOULD BE ATLEAST ONE PCB FOR EACH DATABASE USED
Continued ...
STATUS CODE OF PCB MASK EXPLAINS WHETHER A CALL IS SUCCESSFUL OR NOT
THE SEQUENCE IN WHICH PCB MASKS ARE DEFINED IN LINKAGE SECTION NEED NOT BE SAME AS THAT IN PSBGEN MACRO

PROCEDURE DIVISION
PROCEDURE DIVISION.
Continued ...
ENTRY DLITCBL USING DB-PCB-1, DB-PCB-2. <= Sequence should match that of :::::::::::: PSB Macro
::::::::::::
CALL CBLTDLI USING WS-PARM-COUNT, <= Optional WS-FUNCTION-CODE, DB-PCB-MASK,
IO-AREA,
SSA-1, SSA-2, SSA-3, . :::::::::: ::::::::::
GOBACK.
Continued ...
RUN JCL
RUN JCL EXECUTES THE BATCH PROCESSOR DFSRRC00 AND PASSES THE APPLICATION PROGRAM NAME AND PSBNAME AS PARAMETERS ENTRY DLITCBL PASSES THE PCB ADDRESS TO THE PROGRAM
PROGRAM NAME PSB NAME
DL/I
IMS DATABASE
CBLTDLI ACCEPTS PARAMETERS LIKE FUNCTION CODE, I/O AREA AND SSA TO DO THE NECESSARY DATABASE OPERATIONS AND RETURNS DATA AND STATUS CODES DESCRIBING THE SUCCESS OF THE CALL
DLITCBL
CBLTDLI
GOBACK
APPLICATION PROGRAM
GOBACK IN THE COBOL PROGRAM TAKES THE CONTROL BACKTO DL/I WHICH PERFORMS IMS FILES CLOSING AND TERMINATES THE BATCH STEP. STOP RUN SHOULD NEVER BE USED AS IT WILL NOT FREE RESOURCES
SESSION 5
DL/I CALLS
DL/I CALLS
DL/I RETRIEVAL CALLS
ONE OF THE FOLLOWING FUNCTIONS WILL BE USED IN A RETRIEVAL DL/I CALL GU GN - GET UNIQUE - GET NEXT
GNP
- GET NEXT WITHIN PARENT
WHEN A RETRIEVAL IS DONE WITH AN INTENT TO UPDATE OR DELETE RECORDS, THE ABOVE FUNCTION CODES WILL BE PREFIXED WITH HOLD GHU GHN - GET HOLD UNIQUE - GET HOLD NEXT
GHNP - GET HOLD NEXT WITHIN PARENT
DL/I CALLS
GET UNIQUE
Continued ...
CALL CBLTDLI USING GU , PCB-MASK, SEGMENT-IO-AREA SEGMENTA*-(AKEY=1) SEGMENTB*-(BKEY=2) SEGMENTD*-(DKEY=6) AFTER THE CALL SEGMENTD WITH DKEY=6 WILL BE IN SEGMENT-IO-AREA
1
AKEY EKEY
7 2
11
BKEY
6 4 3 5 9 10
CKEY
DKEY
FKEY
EXERCISE: WRITE A GU TO RETRIEVE FKEY=10
DL/I CALLS
Continued ...
WHAT WILL BE THE OUTPUT OF A GU CALL WITH NO SSA?
DL/I CALLS
GET NEXT
RETREIVAL SEQUENCE
TOP TO BOTTOM LEFT TO RIGHT FRONT TO BACK
11 1
Continued ...
AKEY
7 2
EKEY
BKEY
GA
6 4 3 GK 5 9 10
CKEY
DKEY
FKEY
DL/I CALLS
CALL CBLTDLI USING GN , PCB-MASK, SEG-IO-AREA, SEGMENTA*-(AKEY=1) SEGMENTE*-(EKEY=8)
Continued ...
AFTER THE CALL SEGMENTE WITH EKEY=8 WILL BE IN PROGRAM I/O AREA
AKEY
7 2
11
EKEY
BKEY
6 4 3 5 9 10
CKEY
DKEY
FKEY
EXERCISE: WHAT WILL BE THE RESULTS OF FOUR CONSEQUETIVE GNs AFTER EKEY=8 IS RETRIEVED
DL/I CALLS
GET NEXT WITHIN PARENT
CALL CBLTDLI USING GN , LS-PCB-MASK, SEGMENT-IO-AREA, SEGMENTA*-(AKEY=1) SEGMENTB*-(BKEY=2) CALL CBLTDLI USING GNP , LS-PCB-MASK, SEGMENT-IO-AREA
Continued ...
AFTER THE CALL SEGMENTC WITH CKEY=3 WILL BE IN SEGMENT-IO-AREA

1
AKEY
7 2
11
EKEY
BKEY
6
4 3 5 9
10
CKEY
DKEY
FKEY
DL/I CALLS
Continued ...
WHAT WILL BE THE OUTPUT IF GNP IS DONE 4 MORE TIMES IN
PREVIOUS EXAMPLE?
DL/I CALLS
PATH CALLS EXERCISE
CALL CBLTDLI USING GN , LS-PCB-MASK, WS-SEG-IO-AREA, SEGMENTA*D(AKEY=1) SEGMENTF*-(FKEY=10)
Continued ...
WHAT WILL BE THE RESULT AFTER SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION OF THE ABOVE CALL?
1
7 2
11
EKEY
BKEY
6
4 3 5 9
10
CKEY
DKEY
FKEY
DL/I CALLS
GET HOLD CALLS (GHU/GHN/GHNP)
FUNCTIONS IDENTICAL TO GU/GN/GNP
Continued ...
INDICATES THE REQUESTED SEGMENT(S) MAY BE DELETED OR REPLACED FORCING IMS TO PUT A LOCK ON THESE SEGMENTS WHICH WILL BE
RELEASED ONLY AFTER ANOTHER CALL BY SAME PCB

THIS ENSURES DATA INTEGRITY
DL/I CALLS
DELETE/REPLACE CALLS
Continued ...
MUST HAVE BEEN OBTAINED WITH A GET HOLD CALL (GHU, GHN, GHNP)
NO INTERVENING CALLS BETWEEN GET HOLD CALL AND REPLACE/DELETE CALLS
MULTIPLE REPLACE ALLOWED AFTER GET HOLD
DL/I CALLS
DELETE CALL
CALL CBLTDLI USING GHU , LS-PCB-MASK, WS-SEGMENT-IO-AREA SEGMENTA*-(AKEY=1) SEGMENTB*-(BKEY=2) CALL CBLTDLI USING DLET, LS-PCB-MASK
1
Continued ...
7 2
11
EKEY
BKEY
6
4 3 5 9
10
CKEY
DKEY
WHAT WILL BE THE RESULT IF THE FIRST GHU CALL IS SEGMENTA*D(AKEY=1)?
DL/I CALLS
REPLACE (REPL)
UPDATE CONTENTS OF A SEGMENT KEY FIELD MAY NOT BE ALTERED SSAs ARE NOT USED NORMALLY COMMAND CODES D - TO REPLACE PATH OF SEGMENTS N - TO EXCLUDE SEGMENTS FROM PATH STATUS CODES DA - TRYING TO CHANGE KEY DJ - NO PRECEDING GET HOLD CALL RX - REPLACE RULE VIOLATION
Continued ...
DL/I CALLS
CALL CBLTDLI USING GHU , LS-PCB-MASK, WS-IO-AREA, SEGMENTA*-(AKEY=1) SEGMENTB*-(BKEY=2) SEGMENTC*-(CKEY=3) Change contents of WS-IO-AREA CALL CBLTDLI USING REPL, LS-PCB-MASK, WS-IO-AREA
Continued ...
WILL RESULT IN UPDATE OF SEGMENTC

1
7 2
11
EKEY
BKEY
6
10
CKEY
DKEY
FKEY
DL/I CALLS
INSERT (ISRT)
TWO MODES OF INSERT LOAD MODE - FOR INITIAL LOADING OF DATABASE UPDATE MODE - ADD TO EXISTING DATABASE
Continued ...
LOAD MODE:
FOR LOAD MODE PROCOPT = L or LS MUST BE SPECIFIED IN PSB PROCOPT=L LOADS DATABASE BUT NOT NECESSARILY IN ORDER SEQUENTIAL
DL/I CALLS
INSERT (ISRT)
UPDATE MODE: FOR UPDATE MODE PROCOPT=I or IS MUST BE SPECIFIED IN PSB PROCOPT=I INSERTS SEGMENTS IN SEQ OR RANDOM ORDER
Continued ...
PROCOPT=IS ADDS NEW SEGMENTS ONLY IN ASCENDING ORDER
COMMAND CODES F OR L - OVERRIDES INSERT RULE
- INSERT PATH OF SEGMENTS
DL/I CALLS
MOVE DATA FOR SEGMENTE INTO WS-SEGMENT-IO-AREA WITH EKEY=99
Continued ...
CALL
CBLTDLI USING ISRT, LS-PCB-MASK, WS-SEGMENT-IO-AREA,

SEGMENTA*-(AKEY=1) SEGMENTE
AFTER THE CALL SEGMENTE WITH EKEY=99 IS INSERTED
1 99 7 2 11
EKEY
BKEY
6
10
CKEY
DKEY
FKEY
DL/I CALLS
SOME COMMON STATUS CODES
STATUS CODE DESCRIPTION CALL TYPES
Continued ...
SPACES
AC AI
SUCCESSFUL CALL
CALL HAS SSA WITH A HIERARCHICAL ERROR ERROR WHILE OPENING DATABASE. COMMON CAUSE IS LOADING A DATABASE WHICH IS NOT EMPTY OR DO OTHER THAN LOAD PROCESSING ON EMPTY DATABASE CALL SPECIFIES AN INVALID SSA FIELD NAMED IN A QUALIFIED SSA IS NOT CORRECT SEQUENCE FIELD IS CHANGED CALL IS NOT PRECEDED BY A SUCCESSFUL GET HOLD CALL A HIGHER LEVEL SEGMENT IS RETRIEVED IN SEQUENTIAL PROCESSING
ALL CALLS
ALL GET CALLS ISRT ALL CALLS
AJ AK DA DJ GA
ALL CALLS ALL GET CALLS ISRT REPL DLET REPL GN, GNP
DL/I CALLS
SOME COMMON STATUS CODES
STATUS CODE DESCRIPTION CALL TYPES
Continued ...
GB
GE GK GP II
END OF DATA BASE WAS REACHED DURING SEQUENTIAL RETRIEVAL

SPECIFIED SEGMENT NOT FOUND A SEGMENT OF DIFFERENT TYPE, BUT AT THE SAME LEVEL IS RETRIEVED DURING SEQUENTIAL PROCESSING PROPER PARENTAGE IS NOT IN EFFECT DUPLICATE INSERT
GN
ALL GET CALLS ISRT GN, GNP GNP ISRT
SESSION 6
COMMAND CODES
COMMAND CODES
ONE OR MORE COMMAND CODES CAN BE USED IN SSA
EACH COMMAND CODE IS REPRESENTED BY A SINGLE CHARACTER FOLLOWING AN ASTERISK AFTER SEGMENT NAME
H I S T O R Y
DL/I CONSIDERS ALL CHARACTERS FOLLOWING * TO BE COMMAND CODES TILL IT ENCOUNTERS A BLANK OR ( RESULTS IN MINIMIZING THE NUMBER OF CALLS AND HENCE IMPROVE PROGRAM EFFICIENCY
COMMAND CODES
SOME COMMAND CODES
Continued ...
COMMAND CODE D
DESCRIPTION
RETRIEVE A PATH
FIRST OCCURRENCE OF SEGMENT TYPE LAST OCCURRENCE OF SEGMENT TYPE MAINTAIN CURRENT POSITION AT THIS LEVEL MAINTAIN CURRENT POSITION AT THIS AND HIGHER LEVELS DO NOT REPLACE THIS SEGMENT USE A CONCATENATED KEY ESTABLISH PARENTAGE AT THIS LEVEL NULL/IGNORE
F
L U V N C P -
COMMAND CODES
COMMAND CODE D
REQUESTS DL/I TO USE PATH CALLS
Continued ...
ALLOWS ENTIRE PATH IN SEGMENT HIERARCHY TO BE RETRIEVED IN ONE SINGLE CALL FOR PROGRAMS USING PATH CALLS PROCOPT IN PSB SHOULD HAVE P AS ONE OF THE VALUES DL/I DOES NOT RETRIEVE SEGMENTS IF THE CORRESPONDING SSA DOES
NOT HAVE PATH COMMAND CODE D
COMMAND CODES
COMMAND CODE D
Continued ...
SEGMENT IN THE LAST SSA WILL ALWAYS BE RETRIEVED EVEN IF SSA DOES NOT HAVE COMMAND CODE D FOR ISRT CALLS COMMAND CODE D DESIGNATES THE FIRST SEGMENT TO BE INSERTED FOR ISRT CALLS SSAS FOR LOWER LEVEL SEGMENTS NEED NOT HAVE D COMMAND CODE, D COMMAND CODE IS PROPAGATED TO ALL SPECIFIED
SEGMENTS AUTOMATICALLY
I/O AREA USED SHOULD BE BIG ENOUGH TO ACCOMMODATE ALL SEGMENTS IN PATH
COMMAND CODES
PATH CALLS EXAMPLE
CALL CBLTDLI USING GN , LS-PCB-MASK, WS-SEG-IOAREA, SEGMENTA*D(AKEY=1) SEGMENTB*D(BKEY=2) SEGMENTD*-(DKEY=5)
Continued ...
AFTER THE CALL SEGMENTS #1, #2 & #5 WILL BE RETURNED IN I/O AREA
1
AKEY
7 2
11
EKEY
BKEY
6
4 3 5 9
10
CKEY
DKEY
FKEY
COMMAND CODES
COMMAND CODE F
CALL PROCESSES FIRST OCCURRENCE OF THE SEGMENT TYPE EXAMPLE: SEGMENT 2 CAN BE RETRIEVED AFTER SEGMENT 4 BY USING CALL CBLTDLI USING GNP SEGMENTB*F
1
Continued ...
LS-PCB-MASK, WS-SEG-IO-AREA,
SEGMENTA
4 2 3
SEGMENTB
SEGMENTC
COMMAND CODES
COMMAND CODE L
CALL PROCESSES LAST OCCURRENCE OF THE SEGMENT TYPE EXAMPLE: SEGMENT 4 CAN BE RETRIEVED AFTER SEGMENT 2 BY USING CALL CBLTDLI USING GNP SEGMENTC*L
1
Continued ...
LS-PCB-MASK, WS-SEG-IO-AREA,
SEGMENTA
4 2 3
SEGMENTB
SEGMENTC
COMMAND CODES
COMMAND CODE N
USED IN REPL CALLS FOLLOWING PATH CALLS
Continued ...
IF ANY SEGMENT RETRIEVED DURING PATH CALL NEED NOT BE REPLACED COMMAND CODE N IS USED IN SSA OF THAT SEGMENT
COMMAND CODES
COMMAND CODE P
Continued ...
IS USED TO SET PARENTAGE TO A SPECIFIC SEGMENT IN THE HIERARCHY USED IN SSAS EXAMPLE: CALL CBLTDLI USING GU LS-PCB-MASK, WS-IO-AREA SEGMENTA*P SEGMENTC WILL RETRIEVE SEGMENTC TO I/O AREA BUT PARENTAGE WILL BE SET TO SEGMENTA
1
SEGMENTA
SEGMENTB
SEGMENTC
SESSION 7
DL/I CALL EXERCISE
DL/I CALL EXERCISE
Continued ...
COURSE COURSE# TITLE DESCRIPN
PREREQ COURSE# TITLE
OFFERING DATE LOCATION FORMAT
TEACHER EMPNUM NAME
STUDENT EMPNUM NAME GRADE
DL/I CALL EXERCISE

GIVE SYNTAX OF DL/I CALLS FOR THE FOLLOWING SCENARIOS
Continued ...
1. GET THE FIRST OFFERING OCCURRENCE WHERE THE LOCATION IS CHENNAI
2. GET ALL STUDENT OCCURENCES FOR THE OFFERING FOUND IN 1
3. GET ONLY STUDENT OCCURENCES WITH GRADE OF A
4. SEQUENTIAL READ OF ALL SEGMENTS IN THE DATABASE
DL/I CALL EXERCISE

5. GET ALL STUDENTS WITH GRADE OF A IN COURSE IMS
Continued ...
6. ADD A STUDENT OCCURRENCE FOR THE COURSE IMS OFFERED ON DATE 3/26/02
7. DELETE THE OFFERING OF COURSE XYZ ON 26 March, 2002
8. CHANGE THE LOCATION OF COURSE IMS OFFERED ON 3/26/02 TO MUMBAI
DL/I CALL EXERCISE

9. GET THE FIRST OFFERING OCCURRENCE WHERE THE LOCATION IS CHENNAI, TOGETHER WITH ITS PARENT COURSE OCCURRENCE
Continued ...
10. INSERT A NEW COURSE ABC TOGETHER WITH AN OFFERING AT CHENNAI ON 26 March 2002, FOR WHICH TEACHER IS EMPLOYEE NUMBER 12345
11. GET THE TEACHER OF THE FIRST OFFERING ATTENDED BY STUDENT 222222
SESSION 8
DATABASE ACCESS METHODS
IMS DATABASE ACCESS METHODS

DL/I PROVIDES TWO BASIC DATABASE ORGANIZATIONS
HIERARCHICAL SEQUENTIAL (HS) HIERARCHICAL DIRECT (HD)
Database Organization
HS
Access Methods HSAM - Hierarchical Sequential Access Method

HISAM - Hierarchical Indexed Sequential Access Method SHSAM - Simple HSAM SHISAM - Simple HISAM
HD
HDAM - Hierarchical Direct Access Method
HIDAM - Hierarchical Indexed Direct Access Method
DL/I PROVIDES GSAM(Generalized Sequential Access Method) TO ACCESS NORMAL SEQUENTIAL DATASETS

HSAM / SHSAM
SEGMENTS OF A DATABASE RECORD ARE STORED IN SEQUENTIAL ORDER VERY EFFICIENT FOR SEQUENTIAL PROCESSING NEW SEGMENTS CAN NOT BE INSERTED. DATABASE HAS TO BE UNLOADED AND LOADED AGAIN. ONCE DATABASE IS LOADED ONLY GET OPERATIONS ARE VALID (GU, GN , GNP, NOT GET HOLD) ISRT CALL IS VALID ONLY WHILE LOADING NEW DATABASE REPL AND DLET ARE NOT ALLOWED SHSAM IS A SUBSET OF HSAM AND CONTAINS ONLY ROOT SEGMENTS ONLY HSAM/SHSAM DATABASES CAN BE STORED ON A TAPE SEGMENTS CAN NOT SPAN OVER RECORDS
Continued ...

HSAM SEGMENT STORAGE IN DATABASE
Delete byte
Continued ...
00 -FF
00
SEGMENT DATA
Segment Identifier
HSAM DBDGEN
DBD NAME=EXHSAM,ACCESS=HSAM
DATASET DD1=EXHSAMI,DD2=EXHSAMO,DEVICE=3380,RECORD=(512,512) SEGM FIELD=.
Continued ...
HISAM / SHISAM SIMILAR TO HSAM AND IN ADDITION INDEX IS ADDED FOR DIRECT ACCESS TO ROOT SEGMENT VERY EFFICIENT FOR SEQUENTIAL AND FAIRLY GOOD FOR RANDOM PROCESSING HISAM DATABASE REQUIRES TWO SEPARATE DATASETS PRIMARY DATASET OVERFLOW DATASET
OVERFLOW DATASET IS NOT REQUIRED FOR SHISAM

SEGMENTS CAN BE DELETED PREFERABLE IF DATABASE HAS ROOT SEGMENTS ONLY

HISAM SEGMENT STORAGE IN DATABASE
4 Byte RBA Delete byte
Continued ...
RBA
00 -FF
00
SEGMENT DATA
Segment Identifier
HISAM DBDGEN
DBD NAME=EXHISAM,ACCESS=(HISAM,VSAM)
DATASET DD1=HISAMPR,OVFLW=HISAMOV,DEVICE=3380,RECORD=(512,512) SEGM FIELD=.

HDAM DIRECT ADDRESS POINTERS TO RELATED SEGMENTS ARE STORED ALONG WITH SEGMENTS VERY EFFICIENT FOR RANDOM PROCESSING BUT NOT FOR SEQUENTIAL PROCESSING ROOT SEGMENTS ARE STORED ACCORDING TO SOME RANDOMIZING SCHEME HDAM SEGMENT STORAGE IN DATABASE
Delete byte
Continued ...
00 -FF
00
POINTERS
SEGMENT DATA
Segment Identifier

HDAM DBDGEN
DBD NAME=EXHDAM,ACCESS=(HDAM,VSAM),RMNAME=(DFSHDC10,,10)
Continued ...
DATASET DD1=EXHDAM,DEVICE=3380 SEGM FIELD SEGM . NAME=SEG1,BYTES=48,POINTER=TWIN . NAME=SEG2,PARENT=((SEG1,SNGL)),BYTES=32,POINTER=TWIN

HIDAM
SIMILAR TO HDAM AND IN ADDITION INDEX TO ROOT SEGMENTS WILL BE STORED EFFICIENT FOR BOTH SEQUENTIAL AND RANDOM PROCESSING MOST COMMON TYPE OF DATABASE ORGANIZATION HIDAM DBDGEN
DBD NAME=EXHIDAM,ACCESS=(HIDAM,VSAM),RMNAME=(DFSHDC10,,10)
Continued ...
DATASET DD1=EXHIDAM,DEVICE=3380 SEGM FIELD SEGM . NAME=SEG1,BYTES=48,POINTER=TWIN . NAME=SEG2,PARENT=((SEG1,SNGL)),BYTES=32,POINTER=TWIN

GSAM
COMPATIBLE WITH MVS DATASETS NO HIERARCHY CAN HAVE FIXED OR VARIABLE LENGTH RECORDS
Continued ...
NO DELETE OR REPLACE
INSERT ONLY AT THE END OF DATASET GETS RECORDS SEQUENTIALLY USUALLY USED WHEN CHECK/POINT RESTART IS USED
SESSION 9
MULTIPLE PROCESSING
MULTIPLE PROCESSING
MULTIPLE PROCESSING MEANS A PROGRAM CAN HAVE MORE THAN ONE POSITION IN A SINGLE DATABASE AT THE SAME TIME
ESTABLISHED BY
MULTIPLE PCBS
MULTIPLE POSITIONING
MULTIPLE PCBS CAN BE DEFINED AND USED FOR A SINGLE DATABASE TO ESTABLISH MULTIPLE POSITIONING HAS THE DRAWBACK OF IMPOSING OVERHEAD DUE TO THE EXTRA PCBS THUS CAUSING INEFFICIENCY
MULTIPLE PROCESSING
Continued ...
MULTIPLE POSITIONING LETS A PROGRAM MAINTAIN MORE THAN ONE POSITION WITHIN A DATABASE USING A SINGLE PCB. THE PCB HAS TO BE CODED SUITABLY IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE THIS (POS=M)
MULTIPLE POSITIONING IS MORE EFFICIENT THAN USING MULTIPLE PCBS WHEREAS MULTIPLE PCBS OFFER MORE FLEXIBILITY
MULTIPLE PROCESSING
EXAMPLE
CALLS
Continued ...
GN SEGMENTB, GN SEGMENTC, GN SEGMENTB, GN SEGMENTC

A1 A2
B13 B12 B11 C11 C12
C13
B22
C22
B21
C21
SESSION 10
SECONDARY INDEXING
SECONDARY INDEXING
ALLOWS YOU TO ACCESS DB IN A SEQUENCE OTHER THAN PRIMARY SEQUENCE
ALLOWS YOU TO ACCESS A SEGMENT WITHOUT SUPPLYING ITS CONCATENATED KEY
THE SECONDARY INDEX ITSELF IS A DATABASE WITH ITS OWN DBD DEFINITION
SECONDARY INDEX DATABASE CONTAINS POINTER TO TARGET SEGMENT AND KEY VALUE OF SOURCE SEGMENT
SECONDARY INDEXING
SECONDARY INDEX DATABASE IS MAINTAINED AUTOMATICALLY BY DL/I SECONDARY DATA STRUCTURES NEED TO USE PROCSEQ OPTION IN PCB STATEMENT OF PSBGEN MACRO
ELSE DATABASE IS ACCESSED AS PER NORMAL HIERARCHY

DATABASE TO BE INDEXED MUST BE IN HISAM, HDAM, OR HIDAM, NOT IN HSAM LIMITATIONS: 32 SECONDARY INDICES ON ONE SEGMENT TYPE
1000 SECONDARY INDICES FOR A DATABASE
SECONDARY INDEXING
Continued ...
Indexed Database
Customer
Secondary Index DB
Prefix | Data
Pointer Invoice No
Index pointer segment
Index
Target Segment
Ship-to
Index Source Segment

Buyer Receivable
Payment
Adjustment
Line Item
SECONDARY INDEXING
SECONDARY DATA STRUCTURE
Continued ...
Receivable
Ship-to
Payment
Adjustment
Line Item
Customer
Buyer
SECONDARY INDEXING
Continued ...
Indexed Database
Customer
Secondary Index DB
Prefix | Data
Index Target Segment
Pointer Invoice No
Index pointer segment
Ship-to
Index Source Segment

Buyer Receivable
Payment
Adjustment
Line Item
SECONDARY INDEXING
COURSE COURSE# TITLE DESCRIPN
Continued ...
PREREQ COURSE# TITLE
OFFERING DATE LOCATION FORMAT
TEACHER EMPNUM NAME
STUDENT EMPNUM NAME GRADE
SECONDARY INDEXING
INDEXING THE ROOT ON A FIELD NOT THE SEQUENCE FIELD
MAINDBD MACRO
DBD NAME=EDUCPDBD SEGM NAME=COURSE,BYTES=256 FIELD NAME=(COURSE#,SEQ),BYTE3,START=1 FIELD NAME=TITLE,BYTES=33,START=4 LCHILD NAME=(TPTR,TXDBD),POINTER=INDX XDFLD NAME=XTITLE,SRCH=TITLE
Continued ...
INDEX DBD MACRO

DBD NAME=TXDBD,ACCESS=INDEX SEGM NAME=TPTR,BYTES=33 FIELD NAME=(TITLE,SEQ),BYTES=33,START=1 LCHILD NAME=(COURSE,EDUCPDBD),INDEX=XTITLE
PSB MACRO
PCB TYPE=DB,DBDNAME=EDUCPDBD,KEYLEN=15 PROCOPT=G,PROCSEQ=TXDBD SENSEG NAME=COURSE SENSEG NAME=OFFERING,PARENT=COURSE SENSEG NAME=STUDENT,PARENT=OFFERING
SYNTAX:
GU
COURSE (XTITLE=DYNAMICS)
SECONDARY INDEXING
Continued ...
WHAT HAPPENS IF PROCSEQ=TXDBD IS NOT USED? DL/I BY DEFAULT USES PRIMARY PROCESSING SEQUENCE
SECONDARY INDEXING
INDEXING THE ROOT ON A FIELD IN THE DEPENDENT
MAINDBD MACRO
DBD NAME=EDUCPDBD SEGM NAME=COURSE,BYTES=256 FIELD NAME=(COURSE#,SEQ),BYTE3,START=1 FIELD NAME=TITLE,BYTES=33,START=4 LCHILD NAME=(LPTR,LXDBD),POINTER=INDX XDFLD NAME=XLOC,SRCH=LOCATION,SEGMENT=OFFERING
Continued ...
INDEX DBD MACRO

DBD NAME=LXDBD,ACCESS=INDEX SEGM NAME=LPTR,BYTES=.. FIELD NAME=(LOCATION,SEQ),BYTES=. LCHILD NAME=(COURSE,EDUCPDBD),INDEX=XLOC
SYNTAX:
GU
COURSE (XLOC=CHENNAI)
SESSION 11
LOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO SEGMENTS IN TWO PHYSICALLY SEPARATE DATABASES CAN ALSO CONNECT TWO SEGMENTS WITHIN THE SAME DATABASE
ALLOWS APPLICATION TO HAVE DIRECT ACCESS FROM A SEGMENT IN ONE PHYSICAL DATABASE TO A LOWER LEVEL SEGMENT IN ANOTHER PHYSICAL DATABASE
RESULTS IN A NEW HIERARCHY- ONE THAT DOES NOT EXIST IN PHYSICAL STORAGE BUT CAN BE PROCESSED BY APPLICATION PROGRAMS AS THOUGH IT EXISTS THREE TYPES OF LOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS UNIDIRECTIONAL LOGICAL RELATIONSHIP BIDIRECTIONAL PHYSICALLY PAIRED LOGICAL RELATIONSHIP BIDIRECTIONAL VIRTUALLY PAIRED LOGICAL RELATIONSHIP
Logical Parent PART Database PART Logical Relationship of DETAIL ORDER ORDER Database
Continued ...
Physical Parent of DETAIL
STOCK
DETAIL
SHIPMENT
Logical Children of PART
Physical Children of ORDER
PART /ORDER
Logical Database PART
Continued ...
ORDER/PART
Logical Database ORDER
STOCK
DETAIL
ORDER
DETAIL
PART
SHIPMENT
SHIPMENT
STOCK
SESSION 12
DB RECOVERY / RESTART
DATABASE RECOVERY
WHY? TO RESTORE A DATABASE AFTER ITS PARTIAL DESTRUCTION
WHEN?
A DLI BATCH UPDATE JOB FAILS AFTER MAKING AT LEAST ONE DATABASE UPDATE A FAILURE HAS OCCURRED ON A PHYSICAL DASD DEVICE A FAILURE HAS OCCURRED IN A DATABASE RECOVERY UTILITY A FAILURE OF DYNAMIC BACKOUT OR BATCH BACKOUT UTILITY HAS OCCURRED AN IMS ONLINE SYSTEM FAILURE AND EMERGENCY RESTART HAS NOT BEEN COMPLETED
DATABASE RECOVERY
Continued ...
HOW?
ONLINE RECOVERY PROCESS IMS DOES DYNAMIC BACKOUT USING THE LOG INFORMATION FOR DL/I PROGRAMS FOR BMP PROGRAMS UPDATES ARE AUTOMATICALLY BACKED OUT TO THE LAST CHECKPOINT BATCH RECOVERY PROCESS FORWARD RECOVERY BACKWARD RECOVERY / BATCH BACK OUT
DATABASE RECOVERY
UTILITIES FOR RECOVERY
DFSUDMP0: DATABASE IMAGE COPY UTILITY FOR CREATION OF IMAGE COPIES OF DATABASES
Continued ...
DFSUCUM0: DATABASE CHANGE ACCUMULATION UTILITY FOR ACCUMULATION OF DATABASE CHANGES FROM DL/I LOG TAPES SINCE THE LAST COMPLETE IMAGE COPY
DFSURDB0: DATABASE RECOVERY UTILITY FOR RESTORATION OF THE DATABASE, USING A PRIOR DATABASE IMAGE COPY AND THE ACCUMULATED CHANGES FROM DL/I LOG TAPES DFSBBO00: DATABASE BACK OUT UTILITY FOR REMOVAL OF CHANGES MADE TO DATABASES BY A SPECIFIC APPLICATION PROGRAM
DATABASE RECOVERY
DATABASE RECOVERY CONTROL (DBRC)
Continued ...
DBRC INCLUDES THE IMS FUNCTIONS WHICH PROVIDE IMS SYSTEM AND DATABASE INTEGRITY AND RESTART CAPABILITY. DBRC RECORDS INFO IN 3 RECON VSAM DATASETS
RECON CONTAINS FOLLOWING INFORMATION LOG DATA SET INFORMATION DATABASE DATA SET INFORMATION ALLOCATION OF A DATABASE UPDATE OF A DATABASE IMAGE COPY OF A DATABASE ABEND OF A SUBSYSTEM RECOVERY OF A DATABASE REORGANIZATION OF A DATABASE
DBRC AUTHORIZES OR REFUSES TO AUTHORIZE THE DATABASES DEPENDING ON THE CURRENT AUTHORIZATIONS AND THE ACCESS INTENT OF THE SUBSYSTEM.
DATABASE RECOVERY
Continued ...
FORWARD RECOVERY
RESTORE MOST RECENT IMAGE COPY DATASET
CHANGES MADE TO DATABASE SINCE THE LAST IMAGE COPY ARE APPLIED ON THE RESTORED DATABASE BY USING CHANGE ACCUMULATION DATASETS LOG DATASETS
DATABASE RECOVERY
BACKWARD RECOVERY
Continued ...
USES BATCH BACKOUT UTILITY TO DO A FULL BACKOUT OR BACKOUT TO ANY PRIOR CHECKPOINT PSB USED IS SAME AS PSB OF THE PROGRAM WHOSE EFFECTS HAVE TO BE BACKED OUT
INPUTS LOG DATASETS DATABASES WHOSE UPDATES ARE TO BACKED OUT CHECKPOINT ID WARNING: DO NOT USE CHECKPOINT ID WHILE BACKING OUT BMP. IT TAKES BY DEFAULT THE LAST CHECKPOINT ISSUED.
OUTPUTS BACKED OUT DATABASES LOG DATASETS
DATABASE RECOVERY
Continued ...
HOW DO YOU BACK OUT A NORMALLY TERMINATED PROGRAM?
BY GIVING DBRC=C IN THE JCL SHOWN BELOW
//STEP1 // // // // // //*
EXEC PGM=DFSRRC00, REGION=5632K, PARM=(DLI,&MBR,&PSB,, &SPIE&TEST&EXCPVR&RST,&PRLD, &SRCH,&CKPTID,&MON,,&FMTO,,&SWAP, &DBRC,&IRLM,&IRLMNM,&BKO)
DATABASE RECOVERY
CHECKPOINT CALL (CHKP)
CHECKPOINT RESTART IS USED DURING BACKWARD RECOVERY
Continued ...
CHECKPOINT COMMITS PROGRAMS UPDATES TO THE DATABASE AND LOGS THE UPDATES TWO TYPES OF CHECKPOINTS
BASIC CHECKPOINT
STORES JUST CHECKPINT ID ( 8 BYTES STORED IN IO-AREA) SYNTAX: CALL CBLTDLI USING WS-CHKP, IO-PCB, IO-AREA SYMBOLIC CHECKPOINT
STORES CRITICAL DATA APART FROM CHECKPOINT ID

MUST USE XRST FOR RESTARTING SYNTAX: CALL CBLTDLI USING WS-CHKP, IO-PCB, IO-AREA-LEN, IO-AREA,
IO-AREA-LEN1, IO-AREA1
DATABASE RECOVERY
RESTART CALL(XRST)
USED TO RESTART A PROGRAM AFTER ABNORMAL TERMINATION RESTART FROM
Continued ...
SPECIFIC CHECKPOINT ID
TIME/DATESTAMP LAST CHECKPOINT (LAST) - BMPs ONLY MUST BE THE FIRST CALL IN THE PROGRAM
SYNTAX: CALL CBLTDLI USING WS-XRST,

IO-PCB, IO-AREA-LEN, IO-AREA, IO-AREA-LEN1, IO-AREA1
DATABASE RECOVERY
FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED FOR CHKP & XRST CALLS
Continued ...
ALL FILES (INCLUDING SYSIN, SYSOUT) USED BY PROGRAM SHOULD BE DL/I (GSAM) DATABASES OTHERWISE THERE WILL BE DUPLICATE DATA OR LOSS OF DATA GSAM OUTPUT FILES SHOULD USE DISP=(NEW,KEEP,KEEP) FOR INITIAL RUN AND DISP=(OLD,KEEP,KEEP) FOR RESTARTS
SESSION 13
EFFICIENT PROGRAMMING TIPS
PROGRAMMING TIPS
INSTEAD OF USING GET CALL PRECEDING A ISRT CALL USE ISRT WITH APPROPRIATE SSA
USE QUALIFIED SSAS WHEREVER POSSIBLE

IMPLIED SSAS SHOULD BE AVOIDED EVENTHOUGH DL/I CONSTRUCTS MISSING SSAS
MINIMIZE THE NUMBER OF DL/I CALLS BY USING COMMAND CODES

USE SEARCH FIELDS IN DL/I CALLS INSTEAD OF USING IF STATEMENTS IN COBOL PROGRAM
PROGRAMMING TIPS
Continued ...
TRY USING SECONDARY INDICES DESIGN YOUR PROGRAM TO RUN IN BOTH BMP AND BATCH MODE USE CHECKPOINT/RESTART THERE IS ONLY A SMALL PERFORMANCE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE GET AND GET HOLD CALLS. SO USE GET HOLD CALLS WHENEVER THERE IS A CHANCE ( > 5%) OF SEGMENT UPDATE/DELETE IT IS GOOD PRACTICE TO PROGRAM FOR EASY ADJUSTMENT OF CHECKPOINT FREQUENCY
SESSION 14
COMMON IMS ABENDS
COMMON IMS ABENDS

U0047
DESCRIPTION ONE OF THE DBPCBS IN THE PSB FAILED TO OBTAIN THE DATABASE AUTHORIZATION THROUGH DBRC. USUALLY OCCURS WHEN DATABASE IS UP IN ONLINE OR DATABASE IS USED IN UPDATE MODE BY ANOTHER PROGRAM. SOLUTION BRING DOWN THE DATABASE USING /DBR DB DATABASE NAME WAIT TILL CONTENDING JOB COMPLETES AND RESTART THE JOB
COMMON IMS ABENDS

U0456
DESCRIPTION A DL/I BATCH REGION, BMP PROGRAM COULD NOT BE INITIATED BECAUSE THE PSB HAS BEEN STOPPED OR LOCKED BY A COMMAND OR A PRIOR PROGRAM FAILURE SOLUTION ANALYZE WHY THE PSB IS LOCKED OR STOPPED. RESTART THE JOB AFTER THE PSB HAS BEEN UNLOCKED TO UNLOCK PSB FOR A BMP PROGRAM USE /START PROGRAM psbname COMMAND
COMMON IMS ABENDS

U0476
DESCRIPTION A DL/I CALL DOES NOT INCLUDE A VALID PCB ADDRESS
PROBABLE CAUSES
PSB LANGUAGE TYPE SPECIFIED IS NOT SAME AS THAT OF APPLICATION PROGRAM COBOL MAIN PROGRAM ENTERED AT PROCEDURE DIVISION INSTEAD OF DLITCBL BECAUSE ENTRY DLITCBL NOT INCLUDED IN LKED WRONG PCB WITH FEWER PCBS THAN EXPECTED IS USED
COMMON IMS ABENDS

U0852
DESCRIPTION THE SEGMENT CODE RETURNED IS NOT VALID FOR THE DATABASE
SOLUTION
ANALYZE THE DATABASE. IF THERE IS AN INVALID POINTER, RECOVER THE DATABASE.
COMMON IMS ABENDS

U3303
DESCRIPTION APPLICATION PROGRAM TRIED TO USE A DATABASE THAT WAS NOT AVAILABLE FOR ACCESS AND/OR UPDATE. DFS3303I MESSAGE ACCOMPANIES THIS ABEND SOLUTION CHECK THE STATUS OF DATABASE GIVEN IN DFS3303I MESSAGE USING /DISPLAY DB database name IF DATABASE IS DOWN START THE DATABASE USING THE COMMAND /START DB database name

Ims DB

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IMS - DB

IMS GENERAL CONCEPTS

DL/I CONTROL BLOCKS

IMS GENERAL CONCEPTS

IMS GENERAL CONCEPTS

IMS GENERAL CONCEPTS

FOLLOWS INVERTED TREE STRUCTURE

EACH BOX IN THE HIERARCHY REPRESENTS A SEGMENT

IS DIRECTLY DEPENDENT ON ONLY ONE SEGMENT -- Level 2

IMS GENERAL CONCEPTS

SEGMENT IS THE SMALLEST INFORMATION THAT DL/I CAN FETCH

SEGMENT TYPE vs SEGMENT OCCURRENCE

IMS GENERAL CONCEPTS

IMS GENERAL CONCEPTS

A SEGMENT WITH ONE OR MORE DEPENDENT SEGMENTS

IMS GENERAL CONCEPTS

IMS GENERAL CONCEPTS

IMS GENERAL CONCEPTS

HOW MANY DATABASE RECORDS?

IMS GENERAL CONCEPTS

NO LIMITATION ON NUMBER OF SEGMENT OCCURRENCES.

IMS GENERAL CONCEPTS

I/O PCB interface

IMS GENERAL CONCEPTS

IMS GENERAL CONCEPTS

MPP (MESSAGE PROCESSING PROGRAM)

IMS GENERAL CONCEPTS

DL/I CONTROL BLOCKS

DL/I CONTROL BLOCKS

DL/I CONTROL BLOCKS

DL/I CONTROL BLOCKS

DL/I CONTROL BLOCKS

DESCRIPTION Character (Default) Packed Decimal

COBOL PICTURE X COMP-3

DL/I CONTROL BLOCKS

CAN WE DEFINE OVERLAPPING FIELDS?

DL/I CONTROL BLOCKS

PROGRAM SPECIFICATION BLOCK (PSB)

DL/I CONTROL BLOCKS

DL/I CONTROL BLOCKS

KEYLEN IS THE LENGTH OF CONCATENATED KEY

DL/I CONTROL BLOCKS

Access only Key of segment

DL/I CONTROL BLOCKS

PSB PCB1 PCB2

DL/I CONTROL BLOCKS

SENSEG NAME=VENSEG,PROCOPT=G SENSEG NAME=ITEMSEG,PARENT=VENSEG,PROCOPT=R

DL/I CONTROL BLOCKS

SEGMENT SEARCH ARGUMENT

SEGMENT SEARCH ARGUMENT

SEGMENT SEARCH ARGUMENT

WHAT IS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF MAX 15 SSA?

SEGMENT SEARCH ARGUMENT

SEGMENT SEARCH ARGUMENT

SEGMENT-NAME PIC X(8) VALUE HISTORY .

Blank in 9th position or * in 9th position - in position 10 and a blank in position 11

SEGMENT SEARCH ARGUMENT

SEGMENT SEARCH ARGUMENT

Less than or Equal to

LE, <=, =<

SEGMENT SEARCH ARGUMENT

COMMAND CODES ARE DESIGNATED BY AN ASTERISK * FOLLOWED BY CHARACTERS

COBOL BASICS FOR IMS