The Endocrine system

Glands and hormones

 Hormones- chemical messengers carried by blood May stimulate other glands Regulate growth, development, metabolism, sex processes

 Hormones need a specific receptor on a specific cell to do their job

Major Glands of the Endocrine system Pituitary Thyroid Parathyroid Adrenal. Pancreas Ovaries Testes

Pituitary gland
Master gland of body Located in the depression of sphenoid bone Produces many hormones that affect other glands
thyroid stimulating hormone Somatotropin- growth hormone Lutenizing (LH)- causes ovulation ICSH- causes testes to secrete testosterone Melanocyte stimulating- distribution of melanin in skin ADH- antidiuretic hormone

 Giantismoversecretion of somatotropin before puberty

Dwarfismundersecretion of somatotropin. Cause: tumor, injury, infection, genetics

Diabetes insipidusdecreased ADH

 Thyroid- produces hormones that control metabolism and calcium in blood. Thyroid gland must have any source of iodine
goiter- not enough iodine hyperthyroidism hypothyroidism

 Adrenal glands Located just above the kidney Secretes many hormones Epinephrine Norepinephrine Many steroid hormones, inc estrogen and androgens.

 Pancreas pancreatic juices into the intestine secretes insulin, a hormone that transports glucose into cells. Also secretes glucagon- increases glucose in bloodstream

 Diabetes Mellitus Cause- decreased secretion of insulin Symptoms

Excessive thirst, excessive urination, hyperglycemia, slow healing of skin infections Affects 21 million in US: 7% of population Estimated 1/3 of people who have diabetes dont know it 225,000 die each year 132 billion/year- 10% of our health care spending

 Insulin was the first hormone identified (late 1920's) which won the doctor and medical student who discovered it the Nobel Prize (Banting and Best) 1982 - Human Insulin - First ever approved genetically engineered human therapeutic by Genentech

 In May 1960, the FDA approved the sale of a pill that arguably would have a greater impact on Americans than any other drug in the nation's history. For women across the country, the contraceptive pill was liberating: it allowed them to pursue careers, fueled the feminist and pro-choice movements and encouraged more open attitudes towards sex. Estrogen in pill suppresses FSH in pituitary- ovulation does not occur