Matrices

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 Matrices
• A Matrix (Matrices-
Plural ) is a rectangular
arrangement of
numbers enclosed in
brackets.
• Each number inside the
matrix is called an
element
• A matrix is referred to
by a capital letter
A=
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• Example
• A company manufactures
sofas and chairs in three
models A,B,C. The
company manufactures 10
model A sofas, 12 model B
sofas , 5 model C sofas,
15 model A chairs, 20
model B chairs, 8 model C
chairs in August.
• How to organise ?
• Sofas 10mod-A 12 mod-B 5
mod C
• Chairs 15 mod-A 20 mod-B
8 mod C
• M=
2
 Matrices - Quiz
• What is the order of the
following matrices?
• Row matrix
• 1. 2 by • Matrix having one row
2

• Column matrix
• Matrix having one
• 2. 3 by 3
Column
• 3. 1 by 3

• 4. 4 by 1 • Equal matrices
• Matrices should have same
order
• And
• Corresponding pairs of
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 Addition of Matrices

Rule
• Only matrices with
same order can be
added or
subtracted
• Example
• A= B=
• Find the sum of A
&B
• A+B =
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 Subtraction of Matrices

Rule
• Only matrices with
same order can be
added or
subtracted
• Example
• A= B=
• Subtract A from B
• A-B =

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 Addition & Subtraction of
Matrices- Quiz

• Example • Only matrices with

• A= B= same order can be
added or
subtracted
• Find the sum of A
&B

• Example
• A= B=
• Subtract A from B

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Multiplication of Matrices
The result
matrix will
Rule :Number of
Columns of A
• Example have as many should be equal
rows as A and to number of
• A= B= as many rows of B

• Find the product of

Step-3
columns as:BMultiply elements
of first row of A and the
A &B corresponding elements of
Step-1 :Verify no. of the second column of B
and add
columns of A & rows of B
Columns of A = 3 Rows of B= =
3
(2*6 ) + (3*8) + (5*-2)
Step-2 : Multiply elements = 26
of first row of A and the
corresponding elements of Step-4 : Multiply elements of
the first column of B and Second row of A and the
add corresponding elements of the
first column of B and add
(2*8 ) + (3*2) + (5*5)
= 47 =
A x
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Multiplication of Matrices The result
matrix will
Rule :Number of
Columns of A
Step-5 : Multiply elements have as many should be equal
rows as A and to number of
of second row of A and the
as many rows of B
corresponding elements of • Step-7
columns as: B
Multiply elements
the second column of B of third row of A and the
and add corresponding elements of
the second column of B
= and add
=

Step-6 : Multiply elements of

Example-2
third row of A and the
corresponding elements of 2x
the first column of B and =
add =

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 The result Rule :Number of
matrix will Columns of A
Matrix Multiplication- Quiz have as many
rows as A and
should be equal
to number of
as many rows of B
columns as B
• Which of the • What is the order of the
following matrices resultant matrix of the
following multiplication
can be multiplied
• A is 4x2 B is 2x4
• A is 2x2 B is 2x2 • AxB = 4x2 matrix
• A is 3x2 B is 2x3 • A is 5x5 B is 2x5
• A is 4x5 B is 5x2 • AxB = not possible
• A is 3x7 B is 7x4
• A is 7x3 B is 2x7
• AxB = 3x7 matrix
• A is 4x2 B is 3x4 • A is 9x8 B is 8x4
• A is 432x231 B is • AxB = 9x8 matrix
231x4 • A is 800x 999 B is 999x4
• AxB = 800x999 matrix

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 Inverse of a Matrix
1.Determinant of a
Matrix • Determinant of 3x3
matrix
Determinant of a matrix A is A
written as |A| =
• Determinant of 2x2 |A | =
A
= matrix
|A | =

|A | = a11*a22 – a12*a21
|A | =a1
1
-a1
2
+a1
3
Determinant of the Matrix
Minor of the Matrix
Cofactor of the Matrix
Adjoint of the Matrix
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 Determinant of a Matrix -

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 1. Determinant of the

Inverse of a Matrix 2.
3.
Matrix
Minor of the Matrix
Cofactor of the Matrix
4. Adjoint of the Matrix

• 2.Minor of a • 3.Cofactor of a
Matrix Matrix
• A minor of an element aij • Cofactor is a minor with
sign
is denoted by Mij is a sub- • It is written as Cij = (-1)
determinant of |A| i+jM
obtained by eleminating ij

ith row and jth column. • C11 = (-1)1+1M11

A = 2M
= • = (-1) 11
M11 • =
=

M12 • C12 = (-1)1+2M12

=
• (-1) 3M
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 1. Determinant of the

Inverse of a Matrix 2.
3.
Matrix
Minor of the Matrix
Cofactor of the Matrix
4. Adjoint of the Matrix

• 2.Minor of a • Minor of a Matrix –

Matrix Quiz
• A minor of an element aij
is denoted by M ij is a sub-
determinant of |A|
obtained by eleminating
ith Arow=and jth column.
=

M11
=

M12
=

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 1. Determinant of the

Inverse of a Matrix 2.
3.
Matrix
Minor of the Matrix
Cofactor of the Matrix
4. Adjoint of the Matrix

• 3.Cofactor of a Cofactor of a matrix

Matrix - Quiz
• Cofactor is a minor with
sign
• It is written as Cij = (-1)
i+jM
ij

• C11 = (-1)1+1M11
• (-1) 2M
= 11
• =

• C12 = (-1)1+2M12
• (-1) 3M
= 12
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Inverse of a Matrix
1. Determinant of the
Matrix
2. Minor of the Matrix
3. Cofactor of the Matrix
4. Adjoint of the Matrix
4.Transpose of the
Matrix
Transpose of a matrix A is
denoted by AT
A=

AT =

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 1. Determinant of the

Inverse of a 2.
3.
Matrix
Minor of the Matrix
Cofactor of the Matrix
4. Adjoint of the Matrix

• 4.Adjoint of a
Matrix • Step-2: Substitute
• A matrix obtained by Cofactors in A
replacing its elements with
their corresponding
cofactors
A is called Adjoint Adj.(A) =
=
matrix. Noted as Adj.(A)
Step-1: Find the
Cofactors of A
Cofactor of (-1)1+1 * Minor
8= of 81+1 4
Cofactor of (-1)
8=
Cofactor of 4*
8 =
Cofactor of (-1)1+2 * Minor
2 =
Cofactor of -of 2
2=
Cofactor of 6(-1)2+1 * Minor
6 =
Cofactor of of
- 6
6=
Cofactor of 4
(-1)2+2 * Minor
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 1. Determinant of the

Inverse of a 2.
3.
Matrix
Minor of the Matrix
Cofactor of the Matrix

Matrix 4. Adjoint of the Matrix

• Inverse of a matrix A-1

A is A-1 = Adj A =
A-1
|A| =
Exampl
eA
=
Step-1 : Find the
Determinant of A
|A| = 32-12 = 20
Step-2 : Find the
• Adj A=
Adj.(A)

Step-3 : Apply Inverse

formula
A-1 1/20
=
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