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Lecture Outline
1.Appreciation: I wondered lonely as a cloud.
She Dwelt among the Untrodden Ways 2.Summary of Wordsworths poetics 3.Romanticism and Lake Poets 4.Wordsworths literary position 5. Criticism on William Wordsworth
poem? What does the image of cloud suggest to you? What has cheered the poet up? What has the poet meditated from what he has described? And the theme? Do you think that nature can have the healing effect on mind? Pay attention to the tense used in this poem. What does it indicate?
Question 1
What is your general impression on this
poem?
Question 2
What does the image of cloud suggest to
you?
Loneliness, isolation, solitude, aimlessness, aloofness I wandered lonely as a cloud---loneliness That floats on---aimlessness High over vales and hills---solitude, isolation
Question 3
What has cheered the poet up? And
how?
a host of golden daffodils, fluttering, dancing and glittering daffodils Shine and twinkle as the stars Stretched endlessly The cloud-like poet is deeply attracted by the beauty of the nature and turns to be highspirited, instead of being lonely any more.
Question 4
What has the poet meditated from what
the nature beauty brings him the bliss and pleasure in his heart.
Therefore the idea of going back to nature
Question 5
Do you think that nature can have the
Question 6
Pay attention to the tense used in this
what wealth the show to me had brought the bliss of solitude/ flash upon that inward eye
Quotes
Poetry takes its origin from emotion recollections in tranquility tranquil contemplation of an emotional experience matures the feeling and sensation, and makes possible the creation of good poetry like the mellow of old wine.
----- William Wordsworth
She lived unknown, and few could know died When Lucy ceased to be; But she is in her grave, and, oh, The difference to me!
speaker I? 3. If we omit the second stanza, what has left in the poem? Whats the function of the second stanza? 4. Why does the speaker compare Lucy to a violet, not a rose? 5. Do you think the image of star is contradictory to the image of violet?
Question 1
What are the three stanzas about?
In
memory of a country-girl named Lucy An elegy : a lyric poem lamenting the death of a friend or public figure, or reflecting seriously on a solemn subject ------Oxford Concise Dictionary of Literary Terms
Question 2
Whats significance of the girl to the
lived unknown and few to love She is important and her death is a great shock to me. A violet, fair as a star shining in the sky When she ceased to me,/ the difference to me
Question 3
If we omit the second stanza, what has left in the poem?
She dwelt among the untrodden ways Beside the springs of Dove, Maid whom there were none to praise And very few to love:
She lived unknown, and few could know When Lucy ceased to be; But she is in her grave, and, oh, The difference to me!
Narration left; in regular rhyme scheme: abab cdcd Lucy lived remote from the world, and her death passed unnoticed. Yet, Lucys passing made no difference to the world, it has made all the difference to her lover.
Question 3
Whats the function of the second
stanza?
Core
stanza Lyric by using two dominant images 1) Violet half hidden 2) Star shining in the sky
Question 4
Why does the speaker compare Lucy to a
The rose will not do to supply a vague enhancement to Lucy. Lucys natural charm, like that of the violet, was derived from her modesty. She, too, was half-hidden from the eye, obscure and unnoticed.
Question 5
The prominence of the star suggests Venus as
evening star, normally the first star to shine forth after the sunset. Do you think the image of star is contradictory to the image of violet?
Paradoxical? Violet-Lucy: obscure, modest to the world Star-Lucy: bright and unmatched to the eye of her lover: no contradiction!
Episode Summary
We notice that the imagery is not something
additional---merely decorative. If poetry does bring together idea and emotion, rendering an experience dramatically in concrete terms, then stanza 2 of the poem is the core---the very heart---of the poem.
Wordsworths poetry
What are the main features of Wordsworths
poetry?
back
to nature deep love of nature appeal to individual sensations attention to humble folk of rural life simplicity and purity in language
Wordsworths Poetics 1
Definition: A good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings. Function of poetry: The function of poetry lies in its power to give an unexpected splendor to familiar and commonplace things.
Wordsworths Poetics 2
Subject of matter: ordinary peasants, children, ever outcasts, all may be used as subjects in poetical creation. (common people) On language: real language of men
Poetry definition Overflow of powerful Lacked lyric gift feelings Skills in versification in heroic couple
Function of poetry Unexpected splendor Didactic to familiar things Satiric
Subject matter
language
Simple words in daily Smooth, balanced and language concise in elegant diction
correct as to write. What oft was thought, but never so well expressed. To err is human, to forgive, divine. For fools rush in where angles fear to tread. Hope springs eternal in human breast. A little learning is a dangerous thing. The proper study of mankind is man.
Tintern Abbey
1) 2)
3)
4)
Long narrative poem Prelude Autobiographic Philosophic Expression of his poetics on imagination In blank verse
English Romanticism
Time:
It
Beginning:
English Romanticism
Main features:
Imagination
Imagination is the supreme faculty of the mind. Imagination can change and create. Imagination can unify different elements into a complex whole. Suggested poem The Rime of the Ancient Mariner by Samuel Coleridge
English Romanticism
Idealization of Nature
Nature has a healing power. Nature is a source of subject and image. Nature is a refuge from the artificial constructs of civilization. "that Nature never did betray the heart that loved her." ---Wordsworth Suggest poem Wordsworths Tintern Abbey
English Romanticism
Individualism
Man is the center of all concern. Romanticists emphasized the dignify of man and the importance of the present life. Man is an individual in a solitary state. Romanticists valued the exploration and evaluation of the inner self. Suggest poem: George Byrons Childe Harolds Pilgrimage
Quote
I am not made like anyone I have seen; I dare believe that I am not made like anyone in existence. If I am not superior, at least I am different. ------Jean Jacques Rousseau (: --)
English Romanticism
Glorification of the commonplace
materials: the natural, the commonplace, the simple common incidents and situations natural diction and language Suggested poem: The Solitary Reaper by Wordsworth
English Romanticism
The lure of the exotic
Wordsworth and Coleridge: lived by the riverside Byron and Shelly: self-imposed exile expanded the imaginary horizons spatially and chronologically ---the middle ages ---the distant places allow free play to the supernatural Suggested poem: Coleridges Kubla Khan
English Romanticism
Representatives: Wordsworth, Coleridge, Shelley,
English Romanticism
District in the northwestern part of England. They traversed the same path in politics and in poetry, beginning as radicals and ending up as conservatives.
Lake District
Lake District
Dove Cottage
France and Britain. The rise of Napoleon (1799-1814): France invaded other Europeans countries, revealing the desire for Empire instead of desire of liberty. He gave up his former political enthusiasm and turned to be conservative in politics. He retired to the northern lake district and lived in seclusion for a full half century. He was made poet laureate in 1843. He died in 1850 at the age of 80.
was written during the first decade of his literary career (1798-1807), when he still kept his early, political enthusiasm or at least retained some contact with the real life of his time.
Passive Romanticists ?
elder generation:
----
and try to answer the following questions: 1 ) What kind of feeling does Byron express in the poem? 2) What are the artistic features of the poem? 3) What is Byronic hero? 4) What is ottava rima? 5) to State Byrons literary achievement. 6) to Compare Byron with Wordsworth and then state the differences between the elder and younger generation of English Romanticists.