Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Had a proven skills also in termination, troubleshooting, loop testing, precommissioning, commissioning, building automation and process equipment monitoring.
Instrument Technician must have skills and knowledge in: Bench/Field calibration of process instruments
Instrument Technician must have skills and knowledge in: Basic principles of process instruments and devices Basic logic symbols and schematic diagrams.
System logic testing, complex loops and interlocking system associated with the PLC.
Process instrumentation diagrams.
Instrument Technician must have skills and knowledge in: Material take-off and estimate
technique
operation
and
of
scaffolding
tools and
and
A device used directly or indirectly to measure and/ or control a variable. The term includes primary elements, final control elements, computing devices and electrical devices such as switches and pushbuttons. a collection of instruments or their applications for the purpose of observation, measurement and control. (ISA Definition)
HISTORY OF INSTRUMENTATION
More than two centuries has already passed since Oliver Evans used feedback control to automate a Philadelphia flourmill in 1794.
Material Savings
INSTRUMENTATION APPLICATIONS
Building automation, HVAC control Food and Beverage Glass and Ceramics Mining and metals Pulp and Paper, Textile Aerospace, Automotive and Vehicle Water and wastewater Construction and Design Chemical, Petroleum, Refineries Semiconductor Pharmaceutical and Medical Fire protection system Robotics Technology Power Plant
Instrumentation and Control effects and interaction with Science and Technology
Mathematics Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Information Technology & Computer Engineering Electronics & Communications Engineering
INSTRUMENTATION
Metallurgical & Manufacturing Engineering
AND
CONTROL
Nucleonics
Physics
4. Final Control Element Control valve, dampers, motor drive, relay, etc.
Process A physical or chemical change of matter, or conversion of energy. Process Control technique of balancing supply and demand over a period of time at a pre-determined level of operation called set point (SP).
Process Control The controller compares the measured variable (PV)) with the set point and then makes an adjustment in the final control element based on the difference between the set point and the measured variable and this is the error signal (e).
Recorders
Surveillance Detection
Controllers
P=F/A
where, P = Pressure F = Force acting on a surface A = Unit Area of Surface 100 lbs. 1 1 inch
An object weighs 10 pounds is resting on an area of one square inch, it is exerting a pressure of 100 pounds per square inch (100 psi)
B. Flow
C. Level
may be defined as the height or depth of a liquid or solid surface from a datum or reference point.
Continuous level sensors measure level within a specified range and are used to know the exact amount of liquid in a certain place. Point level sensors only measures a specific level, generally this is used to detect high level alarms or low level alarms.
SETPOINT
An input variable that sets the desired value of the controlled variable.
MANIPULATED VARIABLE
The quantity or condition that is varied as a function of the actuating error signal in order to change the value of the directly controlled variable.
CONTROLLED VARIABLE
The variable that the control system attempts to keep at the set point value. The set point may be constant or variable.
OPEN LOOP
A system in which does not use feedback.
CLOSED LOOP
A system in which the output is fed back and compared with the input.
SIGNAL
a variable that carries information about another variable it represents
SYMBOLS
A representation of an instrument valve or other process equipment often identified by letters and numbers
LOOP
A combination of two or more instruments or control functions arranged so that signals pass form one to another for the purpose of measurement and/or control of a process variable.
INSTALLATION DETAIL
installation documentation in the form of standards, specifications, procedures, drawings, and quality inspection plans.
LOCAL OR FIELD-MOUNTED
The location of an instrument that is neither on a panel nor mounted in a control room. Local instruments are commonly in the vicinity of a primary element or a final control element.
PANEL / BOARD
A structure that has a group of instruments mounted on it, houses the operator-process interface, and is chosen to have a unique designation. The panel may consist of one or more sections, cubicles, consoles, or desks.
PANEL-MOUNTED
A term applied to an instrument that is mounted on a panel or console and is accessible for an operators normal use.
LOCAL PANEL
A panel that is not a central or main panel. Local panels are commonly in the vicinity of plant subsystems or sub-areas.
CALIBRATION
A comparison of two instruments or measuring devices, one of which is a standard of known accuracy traceable to international standard, to detect, correlate or eliminate by adjustment any discrepancy in accuracy of the instrument or measuring device being compared with the standard.
BENCH CALIBRATION
Usually done in an instrument calibration van / workshop with a proper hook-up procedures and complete documentation as per manufacturers instruction manuals.
ACCURACY
The degree of conformity of an indicated value to a recognized, accepted value, or ideal value. is the ratio of the error to the full-scale output.
AS-FOUND
the initial reading/indication prior to calibration. the reference data for zero adjustment or a span adjustment .
AS-LEFT
the final data after the calibration made.
POINTER ADJUSTMENT
repositioning the pointer relative to the scale is called re-zeroing the gauge.
SPAN ADJUSTMENT
A potentiometer were to adjust only the span ratio expressed in percent, minimum & maximum scale of span.
HAIRSPRING ADJUSTMENT
the hairspring's function is to take up clearance in the movement and linkage. It should be adjusted with tweezers to set them perfectly level so that when wound up approx. 360., they will not distort.
LINEARITY ADJUSTMENT
when the motion of the pointer slows down or speeds up at the end of the range as the pressure is increased in uniform increments, rotary movement is rotated either downward or upward.
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
room temperature, a certain temperature within enclosed space at which human beings are accustomed,
SPAN
the difference between the upper range and lower range values expressed in the same units as the range.
OPERATING PRESSURE
the actual (positive or negative) pressure at which a device operates under normal conditions.
PINION
the center portion of pressure gauge where the pointer is attached.
WET LEG
a liquid filled sensing line in a differential pressure level measuring system.
STANCHION
ROOT VALVE
the first valve located in a sample line after it taps off the process. It is typically located in close proximity to the sample tap.
THERMOWELL
A pressure tight receptacle connected to a temperature sensing element and provided with external threads or other means for pressure tight attachment to a vessel.
VENT valve
use for venting excess pressure or gas trap in the process line.
DRAIN valve
use for draining excess liquid or steam accumulating in the process line or seal pots.
MILLIAMP (mA)
one thousandth of an ampere.
MILLIVOLT (mV)
one thousandth of a volt.
a. A high area to volume displacement ratio to minimize error from hydrostatic head difference when using large volume displacement measuring elements
Energy isolating devices includes circuit breakers, switches, valves, blocks, etc.