Perspective Projection

Perspective Projection

During the Renaissance artists became interested in making twodimensional artwork look three-dimensional.

Renaissance- (1450-1600): The Renaissance began in Italy and spread through Northern Europe. Art, Science, and Literature grew during this time.

Perspective Projection
Many of the earlier works artists created showed little depth.

Perspective Projection

Artists used mathematics and close observation to invent linear perspective. Linear perspective allows artists to trick the eye into seeing depth on a flat surface.

The Illusion of Perspective

The Illusion of Perspective

The Illusion of Perspective

Which man is the largest??

Perspective
A perspective drawing closely resembles what the eye can actually see. It is an accurate 3D drawing. Objects that are the same size appear smaller in the distance almost like an optical illusion. (Father Ted)

Examples are the fence posts in the distance. They appear smaller in the distance although the are the same size.

Height of Spectator 1

Spectators

Height of Spectator 2

Line of Vision

Line of Vision

Spectator

Cone of Vision

Line of Vision

Cone of Vision

The horizon line is a line on the picture plane at the eye level of the spectator.

Horizon line

Horizon line below the object.

Horizon line

Horizon line

Horizon line above the object.

Terms Used In Perspective Drawing

Picture Plane Centre line of vison Spectators View

Spectator

Elevation

Centre line of vison Plan

Picture Plane

The Cone Of Vision

If you look straight ahead you will see things in focus but objects over to one side will not be clear unless you turn your head. Similarly in perspective this area exists which is 30 to the centre line of vision.

The Cone Of Vision

Distorted Vison in focus Spectator Distorted 30 30 Ground line Centre line of vison

Distorted Vison in focus Spectator 30 30 Distorted Centre line of vison

The Picture Plane

The Picture Plane

As with all projection systems the image is projected onto a plane.

The picture plane can be positioned in three areas; Between the spectator and the object. Passing through the object. Behind the object.

Spectator

The Picture Plane is positioned between the spectator and the object

Spectator

The Picture Plane is positioned between the spectator and the object

Spectator

The Picture Plane is positioned between the spectator and the object

Spectator

The Picture Plane is positioned between the spectator and the object

Spectator

The Picture Plane is positioned between the spectator and the object

Spectator

The Picture Plane is passing through the obje

Spectator

The Picture Plane is passing through the obje

Spectator

The Picture Plane is passing through the obje

Spectator

The Picture Plane is passing through the obje

Spectator

The Picture Plane is passing through the obje

Spectator

The Picture Plane is passing through the obje

Spectator

Spectator

The Picture Plane is behind the object

Spectator

The Picture Plane is behind the object

Spectator

The Picture Plane is behind the object

Spectator

The Picture Plane is behind the object

Spectator

The Picture Plane is behind the object

Spectator

One Point Perspective

One Point Perspective

Horizontal lines remain Horizontal.

Vertical lines remain Vertical.

The Orthogonal lines formed from the corners diverge to the vanishing point.

One Point Perspective

One Point Perspective

CAT

Vanishing Point

Horizon Line

Orthaganol Lines

Horizon Line

One Point Perspective

Ground Line

Picture Plane

Spectator

One Point Perspective

One Point Perspective

One Point Perspective

One Point Perspective

Two Point Perspective

Horizon Line
VP 1 VP 2

Two Point Perspective

Horizon Line VP 1

Ground

VP 2 Spectator Picture Plane

Two Point Perspective

Two Point Perspective

VP1

Horizon Line

VP2

VP1

Horizon Line

VP2

VP1

Horizon Line

VP2

VP1

Horizon Line

VP2

VP1

Horizon Line

VP2

VP1

Horizon Line

VP2

VP1

Horizon Line

VP2

VP1

Horizon Line

VP2

VP1

Horizon Line

VP2

VP1

Horizon Line

VP2

VP1

Horizon Line

VP2

VP1

Horizon Line

VP2

VP 1

VP 2

Spectator

Inclined Lines In Perspective

Vanishing Points of Inclined Lines

VP 3 VP 1 VP 4 VP 2

Horizon Line

Ground Line

Picture Plane

Spectator

Auxiliary Vanishing Points

Picture Plane VP 3 Horizon Line

VP 1

Ground

Spectator

VP 2

Finding Auxiliary Vanishing Points

Elevation

Picture Plane

Plan

VP 3 Spectator

Horizon Line

VP 1

VP 2

Ground Line

Finding Auxiliary Vanishing Points

True Angle True Angle

Finding Auxiliary Vanishing Points

Picture Plane
Insert True Angle Insert True Angle

AVP

Spectator AVP Horizon Line VP 1 VP 2 Height 2

Ground Line

Finding Auxiliary Vanishing Points

Aux VP 1 Picture Plane VP 1 VP 2

A B VP 1 S H.L VP 2 Height 1

Height 2 Aux VP 2

Ground Line

Curves & Circles in When circles and curves are drawn in plan, you may Perspective
use a compass to ensure accuracy. When drawn in perspective views, you must approximate circles and curved forms using reference points based on straight lines and from angles that can be measured accurately.

Circles are the basis for a variety of more complex forms such as cones, cylinders and spheres.

Being able to see these circles within these various forms as an indispensible aid to reproducing them.

VP 1

CVP

Horizon Line

VP 2

Irregular Ellipse

Curves & Circles In Perspective

30 VP 1 Picture Plane VP 2

S VP 1

Horizon Line

VP 2

Ground Line Elevation

Worksheets
Questions and Solutions

Past Questions
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