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AUDIO MATERIALS
MOTION PICTURES: FILM AND VIDEO
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AUDIO MATERIALS
Audio is included the least expensive, most readily available, and most versatile in application. In addition, the equipments which support easily used.

THE FACT Students only could retain what they have heard only 50%, no matter how hard they try. Two month later, they are unable to recall even half of what they originally retained. Attention and concentration are important to listening results.

STUDENTS PROBLEM IN LISTENING

a) b) c) d) e) f) g) Speaking with voice that is too loud or soft. Using poor pronunciation. Poor articulacy. Make fault responses to phonetic exercise. Less active in class. Difficult to carrying tune. Use higher than average volume.

? ? ??? ? ? ? ??LISTENING ? ? ? ? ? SKILL ? ?? ? ?

How to
Improve

3 Direct and Set of 1 Maintain 2 Directions Use Attention Auditory Analysis

Use Context Find and Recall in Main Listening Ideas and

Between Relevant and Irrelevant Information
Distinguish Details

Self-Instruction Tapes: Audiotutorial Learning

some examples of audiotutorial applications :

In high school chemistry class

For a high school economics course Prepare a series of exercises Draw or cut out pictures Record spelling lists Read and tape record a story

Evaluating with Recordings

recordings provide a variety of materials with which to measure student skills and abilities, understanding, and appreciation

Have students listen to a dramatized recording or recorded lecture

Play a portion of an unidentified dramatization or speech

Play all or part of a speech or dramatization

Listen to part of a problem-story presentation, but stop short of the ending

Play only a dramatic ending to an unfamiliar story

Audio-Card Instruction
A particular advantage of audio recording is demonstrated by magnetic audio-card readers. These devices permit one or more students to listen to sounds of words and repeat them, and also see the same word in print. Audio cards can also carry multisensory materials such as Braille symbols for students with impaired vision, hand lettering, drawing, speciment.

Recording as Learning Experience

Advantages of using audio recording can be revealed by having students :

synchronize the sound and pictures of slide presentation

make useful alterations of sound for analysis or exploration

duplicate tapes

rearrange original audio materials by shortening, changing, adding

perfect sound recording on casette by editing, compres/expand, adding

plan and edit in order to time audio materials exactly

Curricular Application of Recording

Foreign Language Speech Music Art English Business Education

Learning by Editing Tapes :

* By judicious excisting and bridging, reduce the overall length of a program. * Rearrange the order of events by placing one soun. * Insert new materials. * Intermix speech and music. * Add pulse-cue signals at desired location in the tape.

Recording Discussions
A simple but usually rewarding activity is to tape-record discussions

lead a discussion

start your tape recorder

listen to what happened

Recording Interview

Provide a list of question to be asked

Conduct the interview in a suitable environment

Conduct the interview in a suitable environment

Make the interview friendly, relaxed, and well organized

Don't dominate the interview

Keep your listening audience in mind

Courtesy and Ethnics in Recording

Suggestion in making and editing tape recording * Request permission * Be as inconspicuous as possible * Make arrangement * Monitor the recording * Be ethical in preserving the integrity * Always record some type of notice

TAPE EXCHANGE

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ORGANIZING YOUR TAPE COLLECTION

Educational Radio: the Hidden Medium

School-Operated Programs Because of the continuing interest in FM broadcasting, school-owned and nonprofit stations are increasing their activities. Among educational broadcasting organizations well known as: KBPS, WHA, WBOE, KUOM, WABE, WFBE, and WBEZ o National Public Radio in the United Stated, NPR formerly was as the best kept-secret broadcasting and NOW is experiencing as the only nationwide and interconnected public radio system in the USA which represent a valuable national educational resource.

SIMULATED RADIO BROADCAST

Choose A Workable Subject Practice And Revise The Script Cast The Play And Assign Responsibilities Experiment With Sound Effect

Decide Upon A Story Outline

Make A Tape Recording

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TELEPHONIC TECHNIQUES
Tele-lecturing Telewriting Tele-conferencing Telephone teaching

Unique Contributions of Motion Pictures to Learning

Motion pictures communicate through the most direct channels to the mind and the emotions Motion pictures bypass some intellectual barriers to learning

Motion pictures break through barriers of time and space

motion pictures provide a common basis for exchange of ideas as well as for improved understanding of differing attitudes

Motion pictures show happenings in real time and in time modified

Motion pictures capture the history of now and instantly show it around the world

Types of Motion Pictures

Documentary Entertainment

Informational

Motion Picture Formats

Television Video Tape Video Disk

Interactive Video
soundtracks-one or two-on videodiscs can be supplied in standard audio circuitry or with Dolby noise reduction. Some may use digital recording and play

There are reports of plans to consider digital recording systems for both picture and sound signals in order to improve their quality

the videodisc systems are intensely competitive and predictions are hazardous

EXAMPLES OF MOTION PICTURE ACTION

Time Lapse Animation

Photomicrography

Slow motion

SPESIAL MOTION PICTURE TECHNIQUES

1. Stop Motion 2. X-Ray Photography 4. Telescopic Photography 5. Special Effects

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RESEARCH ABOUT MOTION PICTURE UTILIZATION

* Increased learning will result from a motion picture. * It is important for students to know in advance any special terminology or nomenclature they must learn in order to grasp the full meaning of the motion picture they are about to see. * Motion pictures that have built in viewer participation activities and planned redundancy. * A single showing of a motion picture dealing with some complex skill is usually insufficient. In some cases, repeated showings are recommended.

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* Note taking during motion picture showing is generally not to be encouraged.

* Ability to learn from motion pictures improves with practice in viewing them. * Motion pictures can be valuable in teaching mentally retarded person. * Color is essential to learning some types of content.

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USING MOTION PICTURES IN INSTRUCTION

Using Motion Pictures in Group Instruction

When using motion pictures in group instruction, joint planning by both instructor and students is desirable.

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There are basic 5 points plan for using media:

The instructor in charge in prepared

The environment should be ready

The persons who have relation with the media should be ready

The item be used, as planned

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Specific suggestions for the utilization of motion picture include: 1. Prepare yourself 2. Prepare the environment 3. Develop Student Readiness

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USING MOTION PICTURES IN INDEPENDENT STUDY

Place films, video cassettes, or discs carrels with appropriate equipment. Arrange a schedule of repeated motion picture showings at the media center Use a cartridge film or a video cassette showing how to operate a piece of equipment Offer students opportunities to go to the media center on their own for specific purpose

 Assign a students committee to go to the media center to view a film or video cassette Remember that just as students may read a book for pleasure Encourage students to view and re-view a skill motion picture Become acquainted with opportunities to employ interactive, independent study techniques with video players and learner control devices

 Show a complete motion picture of an experiment, leaving the crucial point in the action. Show only part of an experiment. Use a motion picture your students have never seen before. Show two motion pictures, both biased but at opposite extremes and dealing with the same social problem Show a motion picture portraying a dramatic story with which the class is unfamiliar Show a motion picture in normal fashion, but without introduction or interpretive comment

Evaluating With Motion Pictures

SPECIAL USES OF SOUND TRACKS

study other audio signs and judge how they contributed to be an understanding of the subject portrayed LOCATING, CHOOSING AND OBTAINING MOTION PICTURES

Locating, choosing and obtaining motion pictures used in instruction or training can be aided greatly through access to source information and proper reference tools.