Information System

Data
Data (raw material)
Data are streams of raw facts representing events occurring in organizations or the physical environments before they have been organised and arranged into a form that people can understand and use.

Types of data & data collection

Primary Secondary Methods of data collection

Observation Survey Purchased data Publications Government agencies

Information
Information is data that have been shaped into a form that is meaningful and useful to us. Information is data that has been processed into a form that is meaningful to the recipient (USER) and is of real or perceived value in current or prospective actions or decisions.

Data & information

Data

Process

Information

Data& Information

Generating Information

Computer-based ISs take data as raw material, process it, and produce information as output.

Characteristics of information

Characteristics of information

Timeliness Appropriateness Conciseness Frequency Understandability

Intelligence

Collection and use of information Drawing inferences regarding how a particular information can be related to an issue /decision Ability to analyse an information using reasoning ability

Knowledge
Knowledge comes from

Valid and reliable information Experience Shared information Logical argument

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relationship
data + context information + meaning Intelligence + experience

Knowledge
action
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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Information technology refers to all the computer based information systems used by organisations and their underlying technologies.

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FIRST COMPUTER - ENIAC

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FIRST COMPUTER - ENIAC

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FIRST COMPUTER - ENIAC

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Evolution of IT

How hardware evolved 1946- ENIAC-Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator(John W. Munchly and J Prespor Eckert) 1951- UNIVAC first widely marketed automatic computer. installed in the US Censes Beaureau 1954- General Electric Fewer than 2000 calculations instead of 2 billion and more instructions per second.

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Evolution of IT

1950s IBM amassed full product line 1960s introduced IBM system/360 line of computers- multitasking Computer dept monopoly-analyst, programmer,network specialist Small computers- users demanded access Micro computers-owned and operated by the individuals
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Which are the latest models ofcomputers and laptops in the market now? Find out their specifications and price.

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IS-Information System

A set of interrelated components that collect retrieve, process, store and distribute information to support decision making and control in an organisation. A set of people, procedures and resources that collects , transforms and disseminates information in an organisation. A system that accepts data resources as inputs and processes them into information products 19 as output.

IS-Information System

Helps to

Anlyse problem Visualise complex subjects

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Information System

1.
2. 3. 4. 5.

5 interacting functions Input Processing Output Feedback Control

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Functions of an Information System

An information system contains information about an organization and its surrounding environment. Three basic activitiesinput, processing, and outputproduce the information organizations need. Feedback is output returned to appropriate people or activities in the organization to evaluate and refine the input. Environmental actors, such as customers, suppliers, competitors, stockholders, and regulatory agencies, interact with the organization and its information systems.

Control

Components of an information system / CBIS

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IT vs IS

IS deals with information management in an organisation using various tools and techniques over diverse communication channels, including paper ,human resources and information technologies. Hence IT is a subset of information system IT deals with the study of computer hardware, software and telecommunications. An IS uses IT to solve managerial and organisational problems.