UPFLOW SLUDGE BLANKET CLARIFIER

BY N.MANIKANTH (13MT03ENV008)

INTRODUCTION
It

incorporates the processes of mixing, coagulation, flocculation and filtration in a single unified vessel

It

is a hopper bottom tank

for rural areas and small

Suitable

towns

SOLID CONTACT CLARIFIER

SLUDGE BLANKET CLARIFIER PRINCIPLE

PRINCIPLE

In a sludge blanket clarifier, the floc particles are suspended in a condition of equilibrium The larger particles will accumulate and form a sludge blanket When the water passes through this blanket, the flocs are entrapped This entrapment gives this unit an edge over the normal horizontal flow tanks

IVES THEORY
ASSUMPTIONS:-

The velocity distribution of up- flow over any horizontal plane is uniform.

The

diameter and the density of the individual floc particle in the blanket is uniform at all levels.

The free fall velocity of an individual floc particle can be obtained by using Stokes law. 2

VS =g ( S- )d / (18* )

Blanket layers can be considered to remain in a state of equilibrium momentarily when up flow velocity is equal to settling velocity of flocs.

BLANKET STABILITY

The sludge blanket is more or less a flocfilter which entraps turbidity from raw water and allows only clear water to pass through.

Efficiency of clarifier depends upon the stability of the blanket.

Under unstable blanket condition, the effluent may have even higher turbidity than the influent.

FACTORS EFFECTING BLANKET STABILITY

Blowing

up of blanket by sudden increase in up-flow velocity

Rupture/cracking

of blanket

ADVANTAGES

In a single unit, processes such as coagulation, floculation and clarification or filtration are carried out Detention time of 1-2 hours may be sufficient The unit can be so designed such that it makes use of hydraulic energy only It provides higher over floe rates than conventional horizontal flow tanks

 As

the previously formed sludge helps in clarification, lesser chemical dosage is required

Microbial

removal is better than in conventional horizontal flow tanks

DISADVANTAGES
Requirement Low

of skilled personnel

waste sludge solids content blanket control

Sludge

Surfacing

of light flocs during low turbidity flow

APPLICATIONS
Potable Water Treatment Softening Turbidity Removal Iron and Manganese Removal Color Removal Wastewater Treatment Phosphorus Removal Filter Backwash Reclamation Industrial Process & Waste Treatment Suspended Solids Removal Metals Precipitation Landfill Leachate Boiler Blowdown Cooling Tower Makeup Coal Pile Runoff Many Others

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

Kawamura 1 Flocculation Time = approximate = 20 min 2 Settling Time = 1 - 2 hr 3 Surface Loading = 2 - 3 m/hr 4 Weir Loading = 7.3 - 15 m3/hr 5 Upflow Velocity = < 10 mm/min 6 Slurry Circulation rate = up to 3 - 5 time the raw water inflow rate 7 G = 30 - 50 s-1 8 MAXIMUM MIXER TIP SPEE 0.9 m/s (Baffled Channel) = 0.9 m/s (Horizontal Shaft with Paddles) = 1.8 - 2.7 m/s (Vertical Shaft with Paddles) Equation mixer tip speed = DN 9 Free Board is approxim = 0.6 m 10 Water Depth = 4 - 5 m. 11 Length and Width ratio = 6 : 1 (minimum 4 : 1) (Rectangular Basin) 12 Width and Water Depth = 3 : 1 (maximum 6 : 1) (Rectangular Basin) 13 Blade area/Rapid Mixing Tank area = 0.1 - 0.2 % (page 121) 14 Blade : Diameter Blade/Diameter Mixing Tank = 0.2 - 0.4 (page 121) 15 Shaft rpm = 8 - 12

Cont..,
Q,Sim 1 Detention Time = 2 Hr 2 Surface Loading = 2 - 4 m/hr 3 Weir Loading = 7.1 m3/m.hr

Cont.,

Sheet Master Degree of Environmental Engineering 1 Weir Loading = 7.1 m3/m.hr 2 Surface Koading - Q < 0.35 m3/min = 0.5 - 1.0 m/hr mixer tip speed = DN 8:16 AM/2/28/2007 1/2 Design Clarifier Tank(Skert)/Design Criteria - Q > 0.35 m3/min = 1.25 - 1.85 m/hr 3 Water Depth = 3 - 5 m. 4 Paddle radius = 65 - 75% of radius for Flocculator 5 Detention Time = 1 - 3 Hr 6 Diameter Tank < 45 m 7 Paddle at bottom tank high bottom =15 - 30 cm 8 Paddle Velocity = 2 - 3 rpm 9 Effective Paddle Area = 10 % Sweep area of the fllocculator

Cont,

Water Work Engineering Book 1 Flocculation

1.1 Detention Time = 20 - 60 min 1.2 Velocity Gradie = 15 - 60 S-1 1.3 GT = 1x104 - 15x104 1.4 Periperal Velocity of Paddle =0.3 - 0.6 m/s 1.5 Shaft rotation speed = 1.5 - 5 rpm

2 Sedimetation (Coagulation)
2.1 Detention Time = 2 - 8 hr 2.2 Surface Loading = 20 - 40 m3/m2.day 2.3 Weir Loading = 200 - 300 m3/m.day

3 Sedimentation (Softening)
3.1 Detention Time = 1 - 6 Hr 3.2 Surface Loading = 40 - 60 m3/m2.day 3.3 Weir Loading = 250 - 350 m3/m.day

CASE STUDIES

CASE STUDY 1
LOCATION : Beaux Bridge, LA (1998)

AIM : Removal of hardness

RAW WATER CHARECTERISTICS :
o

Source: well

o
o

Total hardness: 380-400 mg/l as CaCO3

Flow Rate: Design flows of 104 GPM min-1,042 GPM max

CHEMICALS : Alum and Lime

RESULT: The effluent total hardness is about 100 mg/l as CaCO3

CASE STUDY 2
LOCATION: Trinity River Authority of Texas Huntsville Water Treatment Plant (1999) AIM: Turbidity removal RAW WATER CHARECTERUSTICS: o Source: Trinity River o pH: 7 - 8 o Turbidity: 30 - 40 NTU o Total Alkalinity: 100 - 120 (as CaCO3) o Flow Rate: 390 GPM min - 3,680 GPM max The above analysis are normal values, but during rainy season the turbidity is over 100 NTU

CHEMICALS: Oxidant: Chlorine dioxide Alkalinity Adjustment: Lime Coagulant: Alum Coagulant aid: Cationic Polymer

RESULT: Effluent is consistently less than 1 NTU

REFERENCES
C.

Schlicht The MC CLARIFLOW The Ultimate upflow solids contact clarifier (1999)
S.M.Dhabadgaonkar, Study of some aspect of sludge blanket clarification in WTP (1977)

Dr.