Chapter 7-1

Cellular Structures and

Function
Bio 30 NWRC
STUDY OF:
Blood Bone cell
cell

Lung Bacteri
cell a cell

Leaf
cell
Nerve Sperm &
cell Egg cells
(Sex cells)
Cell

Cell
Theory

Nucleus

Eukaryote

Prokaryot
People knew nothing about
cells until the discovery of
the Microscope.

1665 ~Robert Hooke was the

first person to see cells. He is
known for making up the
word “Cell”.
1683~Anton van
Leeuwenhoek – was the first
person to observe tiny living
organisms in pond water.
• Matthias Schleiden – (1838)
discovered that plants are
composed
• TheodorofSchwann
cells – (1839)
discovered that animals are
composed of cells
• Rudolph Virchow – (1855) stated
that all cells come from other cells
• Janet Plowe – (1931) the cell
membrane is a physical
structure, not an interface
• between two liquids
Lynn Margulis – (1970)
certain organelles were once
free-living cells themselves
Schleide
n,
Schwann
,
Virchow

• All living things are made up of

cells.

• Cells are the basic units of all

living things.

• All cells are produced from

Compound Light
Microscope
Uses a
series of
glass
lenses
to
magnify
images
up to
about
1000X
Electron Light
Microscope
Uses
magnets
to beam
electrons
at tissues
– is
capable of
much
greater
magnifica
tion than
light
 Click to see
magnifications
 Click here!
 the smallest functioning part of an
organism.
 vary in size and shape.
 shape is related to function.
 most are microscopic.
 Unicellular = composed of ONE cell
 Multicellular = composed of MANY cells
Key Note:
ALL Cells have:
*a barrier called a Cell
membrane

*DNA
 Prokaryot Eukaryot
Click here Click her

es
smallest & simplest es
have a nucleus
cells  have organelles
lack a nucleus Have specialized
 lack organelles functions.
 no specialized Example:
functions. plant & animal cells
Example: Bacteria
 Prokaryotes
 Prokaryotes are the
single-celled
organisms, such as
bacteria.. Unlike
Eukoryotes,
prokaryotes do not
have a nucleus
that houses its
genetic material.
Rather, the genetic
material of a
prokaryote cell
consists of a large
 Prokaryotes
 One differentiating
characteristic is that
prokaryotes are
asexual, meaning
their offspring nearly
always bear the exact
characteristics of the
parent cell. (In fact,
the cell essentially
replicates itself
according to its own
DNA and then divides
itself from the newly
created cell.)
 Eukaryotes
 Eukaryotic cells -
Can be unicellular
(protists such as
yeast, paramecium
and amoebae) or
multicellular (a
system of division
of labor such as
fungi, animals, and
plants).
 Eukaryotes
 Eukaryotic DNA is
enclosed by a
membrane making
a well defined
nucleus.
 Eukaryotes
 Cell division in
eukaryotes is different
from prokaryotes.
There are two types of
division processes. In
mitosis, one cell
divides to produce two
genetically-identical
cells. In meiosis, which
is required in sexual
reproduction, one
diploid cell (having
two instances of each
chromosome, one
from each parent)
undergoes
recombination of each
pair of parental
 (Eukaryotic)

Plant Animal
Click Click
Cells Cells
 have cell walls  have only cell
 have chloroplasts membranes

 have a large vacuole  have smaller

vacuoles
 tend to be squared
 tend to be
or rectangular
round
 Plant Cell Animal Cell
• Cell wall •
Chloroplast Lysosome
• • Vacuole Centriole
Leucoplast
Both Plant & Animal Cells
Smooth & Rough Golgi bodies
Endoplasmic
• Ribosome
Reticulum
• Cell
Nuclear Envelope Membrane
Nucleus •Cytoplasm
Nucleolus •Mitochondria
Back…
Back…
Back…
Back…
Assessment
 1. With more
sophisticated
tools scientists
have been
able to learn
more about
the cell and its
structures
Assessment
 2. Light
microscopes
use glass
lenses and
visible light.
Electron
microscopes
use beams of
electrons and
 Assessment
 3. 1. all known living things are made up
of cells.
   2. the cell is structural & functional unit
of all living things.
   3. all cells come from pre-existing cells
by division.
            (Spontaneous Generation does
not occur).
   4. cells contains hereditary information
which is passed from
cell to cell during cell division.
   5. All cells are basically the same in
chemical composition.
   6. all energy flow (metabolism &
 Assessment
 4. The plasma
membrane helps
control what goes
into and out the
cell
 The organelles
carry cell
 out specialized
function in the cell
 Further Study
 This website has an excellent review
of all these topics