3-Phase Induction Motor

WHY TESTING OF INDUCTION MOTORS?

Equivalent Circuit parameters keep changing with operating conditions. Stator resistance depends on temperature and frequency of source. Rotor resistance also varies because of temperature and slip. Reactance depends upon the current flowing. High currents may cause saturation.

Name plate ratings

3 phase, 50 Hz Voltage : 381/ 440 V Power : 3kw Current : 5.45 A Class E insulation Duty S1 Frame R1329

 Core loss resistance depends on flux and frequency. Friction and Windage losses are almost constant.

NAME PLATE OF MOTOR

Give Line current, Line to Line Voltage and Power Ratings of the Induction Motor. Design for Nominal Power Factor and Frequency of supply. Whether Star or Delta connected. Insulation Class Operating Temperature. Operature Temperature= Ambient + Rising. Manufacturer and Serial Number of Motor.

TESTING OF INDUCTION MOTORS

First Measure Stator Resistance.

Rhot = 1.3 * Rcold

No load test
Zero output power Run motor on No load and monitor I & V at different voltage till a above rated voltage. Eg. If motor rated 415V then go upto approx 430 Rotor current is very small, approx 20% of rated value.

No load test
Motor runs at slightly less than synchronous speed. Slip is very low. Induced emf will be very low Rotor current will be very low, neglect. Low copper loss, neglect

No load test(Equivalent Circuit)

No load test(Equivalent Circuit)-2

Neglect stator drop ( approximation)

Calculation for no load test

P0 = input power V0 = supply voltage I0 = input current. From circuit diagram, V0 = Vg + I0 (Rs + jXls) P0 = Pc + I02 Rs Rc = Vg2 / Pc ; Ic = Vg / Rc

Calculation for no load test

Neglecting stator drop, V0 = Vg so, P0 = Pc Rc= V02 / P0 ; Ic = V0 / Rc

Calculation for no load test

Im2 = sqrt( I02 Ic2 )

Xm = Vg / Im = V0 / Im

No load test(phasor)

Magnetizing characteristic
Xm may not be constant because it depends upon operating air gap flux which dependes on operating voltage.

Magnetizing Reactance

No load(NL) / block rotor (BR)

BR
VOLTAGE LESS
CURRENT RATED

NL
RATED

LESS

FLUX

LESS

RATED

CU LOSS

FULL

SMALL

CORE LOSS

SMALL

FULL

BLOCK ROTOR TEST

Rotor Speed = 0 rpm. Slip = 1. Neglect Core Loss and Magnetising Current Measure Current, Voltage and Power

EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT

EQUATIONS
Pbl = I2bl * Rbl Zbl = Vbl / Ibl Xbl = (Zbl2 Rbl2)1/2 Rbl = Rs + Rr Xbl = Xls + Xlr Xls = Xlr = Xbl/2

PHASOR DIAGRAM
Power Factor = cos bl Power Factor = cos( tan-1 (Xbl /Rbl ))

Load test
Voltage 400 400 398 398 398 398 398 398 419 Input Current 2.9 A 3.1 A 3.2 A 3.34 A 3.5 A 3.9 A 4.2 A 4.5 A 4.9 A W1 300 400 440 500 580 700 780 840 990 W2 -260 -180 -160 -120 -60 0 100 160 180 Speed Armature current 996 993 990 987 982 973 966 960 958 1.5 2.2 3.7 5.9 7.3 8.6 9.9 0

Matlab code
Parameter calculation
Rs = 2.3 Vg = 415/1.732 Pc = 280/3 Is = 2.7 V = 67.8 I = 5.3 Pb = 570/3 Rc = Vg^2 / Pc Ic = Vg / Rc Isq =(Is^2)- (Ic^2) Im = sqrt(Isq) Xm = Vg/Im R = Pb/I^2 Z=V/I Xsq = (Z^2)-(R^2) X = sqrt(Xsq) Rr = R-Rs Xls = X/2 Xlr = X/2

Characteristics
V=[400;400;398;398;398;398;398;398] I=[3.1;3.20;3.34;3.9;4.2;4.5] W1=[300;440;500;700;780;840] W2=[-180;-160;-120;0;100;160] Wnl = [280;280;280;280;280;280] w=[993;990;987;973;966;960] Ia=[0;1.5;2.2;3.7;5.9;7.3;8.6] P = W1+W2 s=(1000-w)/1000 wr= pi*w/30 C = [3.1^2;3.20^2;3.34^2;3.9^2;4.2^2;4.5^2;] B= bsxfun(@rdivide,C,s) T = 3*B*4.760/104.7 Pout = P - Wnl - 3*C*(6.7) plot(P,w) xlabel('Power') ylabel('speed')

Torque vs Speed

Current vs Speed

Power vs Speed

Input power vs efficiency

Input power vs current

Input power vs slip

Synchronous speed test

Drive the induction motor using another dc motor or synchronous motor. Measure impedance at difference speeds. Same as no load test but rotor circuit is open

Synchronous speed test

Parameters
Rs = 2.3 ohm Rr = 4.464 Xlr = Xls = 5.429 ohm Xm = 89.6817 Rc = 615.1254

RESULTS
Xbl generally droops with increase in current Rbl remains almost constant but increase a little due to rise in temperature.