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Identify
and listening to the presentation parts of Urinary system you are going to write the urinary system QUIZ.
questions and 1 short answer question from the including the correct answer from information discussed today
URETHRA
neurons that aid in production of urine Medulla: inner layer, contains most of tubes that carry urine from the nephrons through the kidneys
Nephrons
Microscopic filtering
filter waste
Bowmans capsule
Surround glomerulus
picks up filtered materials and passes it to the convoluted tubule Substances needed by the body are reabsorbed and returned to the capillaries
Nephrons
At the end, most of the
water, sugar, vitamins and salts have been reabsorbed Excess salts, water, wastes remain in the tubule and become urine Urine enters collecting ducts (tubes) in the medulla Collecting tubes empty into the renal pelvis (first section of the ureter)
Ureters
2 muscular tubes 10-12 inches long One extends from the renal pelvis to the
bladder Peristalsis: a wavelike motion of the involuntary muscle that moves urine through the ureter from the kidney to the bladder
Bladder
Hollow muscular sac
FUNCTIONS: Receives urine from ureters Stores urine until eliminated from body
Urethra
Tube carries urine from bladder to outside External opening called meatus Different in male/females
Females shorter
Opens in front of vagina or
passes through the penis Male: carries both urine from urinary system and semen from the reproductive system
Urine
Creatinine
Uric acid
Normal Urine Is a clear, sterile solution, yellow color (pigment urobilin) generated in kidneys
passes through the kidneys each minute Renal artery branches inside the kidney Venous blood leaves the cortex and medulla Small veins join the renal vein
Acidosis
Lactic acidosis:
develops after exhaustive muscle activity (bulging muscles can cut off blood supply) due to anaerobic respiration
Ketoacidosis:
Lower blood pH, higher acid, due to presence of ketones
develops in starvation or diabetes Body does not have sufficient glucose/glycogen to sustain
metabolic activity
The Hypothalamus
Continuously secretes low levels of ADH: At normal ADH levels:
collecting system reabsorbs 16,800 ml fluid/ day
(9.3% of filtrate)
excess urination Key Terms Oliguria: below normal urination Anuria: absence of urination Hematuria: blood in urine Nocturia: urination at night Dysuria: painful urination Retention: inability to empty bladder Incontinence: involuntary urination
Polyuria:
Symptoms: Frequent urination Dysuria and burning Bladder spasm Hematuria ? Fever ? Treatment: Antibiotics and increased fluid intake
Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the glomerulus Usually follows strep infection Can be acute or chronic Symptoms: hematuria, hypertension, edema, fatigue, congestive heart failure, renal failure, death Treatment: treat symptoms
Low salt diet, high blood pressure medicine, dialysis,
transplant
Pyelonephritis
Inflammation of kidney tissue and renal pelvis Usually caused by pus forming bacteria
Renal Calculi
Kidney stone formed when salts in urine settle Small stones can be eliminated in urine Large stones may become lodged Symptoms: sudden pain, hematuria and retention Treatment: increase fluids, pain meds, strain urine w/ gauze, lithotripsy, possible surgery
Renal Failure
Kidneys stop functioning Acute
Caused by injury, poisoning, dehydration Prompt treatment leads to good prognosis
Chronic
Progressive loss of kidney function caused by
glomerulonephritis, hypertension, toxins and endocrine disease. Waste accumulates and affects body systems
Uremia
Toxic condition where urinary waste is in bloodstream Caused from any condition that affects proper
function of kidneys Symptoms: n/v, ammonia breath, anuria, headache and confusion, coma/death Treatment: restrictive diet, dialysis, transplant
Urethritis
Inflammation of the urethra
Caused by bacteria, viruses or chemicals Symptoms: painful urination, redness, itching at
meatus, ?discharge Treatment: sitz baths or warm compresses, antibiotics, increased fluid intake