Introduction to S C A D A

Senior Research Engineer

NIDHIN MANOHAR

S C A D A
acronym for

Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

Computer based system that allows operators in a central location to continuously monitor and remotely control field equipment

Supervisory Control Requirements at plants / networks

Centralized supervision Leak Detection and loss prevention Safe operations Several levels of Operations hierarchy Historical registers and real time information Ability to maintain operations even with loss of communication Ease of future upgrade economically

OIL TERMINAL

PUMPING STATIONS

PRESSURE REDUCTION STATIONS

BLOCK VALVES

MARINE TERMINAL

MAIN PIPELINE CONTROL CENTRE

EMERGENCY CONTROL CENTRE

Supervisory Control + . . . .
Unlike DCS, traditionally SCADA is not considered a full Control System, but often as system focusing on Supervisory Control and Monitoring. However, many new SCADA implementations include smaller DCS units.

. . . . + Data Acquisition
We may look at SCADA as a software that is layered over the Data Acquisition and Interface hardware incl. Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), variable-speed drives, or other commercial hardware modules that may be present locally or distributed geographically apart.

. . . . + Data Acquisition
reads data from PLCs and other hardware analyze and graphically present data to the user. reads and writes multiple sources of data, using multiple industrial protocols.
So lets see what a SCADA is like

Benefits?
Increased information for better decision making Early detection of abnormal system conditions (take corrective action before massive failure) Improve plant operation and reliability Better equipment utilization (squeeze more capacity out of existing equipment) Improve productivity Reduce losses

Basic Features (Run Time)

SC Data Acquisition Including Standard Drivers Alarm Handling Data Logging Data Presentation (Synoptic/Trending) Access Control Redundancy Network Connectivity Reports Recipe Handling

 Master Station
A centrally located computer that allows personnel to view SCADA data and initiate remote control actions

Field Equipment
Equipment in substations and feeders for connecting the SCADA system to the power apparatus

Communication Equipment
Facilities (radios, landlines) that enable the Master station to connect to SCADA system field components

SCADA Master Station

Control centre from which multiple remote installations are controlled and monitored Connected to other control centres as well. Interfaces with human through HMI (Human-Machine Interface), which may be local or remote. Connected to RTUs and/or IEDs

RTU Stations
Remote Terminal Units

Appear as IED to SCADA master when DNP used for communications

Each RTU manages multiple actual IEDs Attached IEDs referenced using absolute addresses by the SCADA master

SCADA Communications
Client-server / publishsubscribe methods Central servers collect, analyze and present data to displays and to other servers. Live inputs from Remote Data Acquisition / Field Terminal Units Real-time communication is of utmost importance.

Communication Protocols
DNP3: Distributed Network Protocol based on ISO/IEC 608705-101 Fieldbus IEEE 802.11 Wireless communications: CDMA, GSM, etc.

Use of MicroSoft Methodologies

API DDE, NetDDE, COM/DCOM, ActiveX OLE for Process Control ODBC ASCII/CSV (Configuration) Web