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COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL
HSDPA usage
The High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) concept is a natural extension of the Downlink Shared Channel (DSCH).
Not included in RAN06
HSDPA is mainly intended for non-realtime traffic, but can also be used for traffic with tighter delay requirements.
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COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL
HSDPA offers a lower cost per bit and potentially opens for new application areas with higher data rates and lower delay variance. HSDPA is the natural evolution of DSCH and also builds on the resource sharing concept
3 NOKIA 2004 HSDPA, June 2004.
COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL
HSDPA
MIMO ?
NOKIA 2004
COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL
16
16 16
3/4
4/4 2/4 3/4
1.8 Mbit/s
2.4 Mbit/s 2.4 Mbit/s 3.6 Mbit/s
3.6 Mbit/s
4.8 Mbit/s 4.8 Mbit/s 7.2 Mbit/s
5.3 Mbit/s
7.2 Mbit/s 7.2 Mbit/s 10.7 Mbit/s
16QAM 16
Shown code rates are examples since real values are given by transport block size as well as transmission and rate matching parameters. 16QAM with 15 multi-codes supports >10Mbit/s throughput. QPSK alone can support up to 5.3 Mbit/s (up to 7.2 Mbit/s by disabling coding). Theoretically up to 14.4 Mbit/s can be sustained but 3GPP hardware specifications do not support it (+ interference problems from e.g. synchronization channel).
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COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL
Architecture Change
RNC MAC-d MAC-sh Packet scheduling for HSDPA is moved to the Node-B
Iub
Node-B MAC-hs
CQI,Ack/Nack,TPC
CQI,Ack/Nack,TPC CQI,Ack/Nack,TPC
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COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
UE1
Channel quality (CQI, Ack/Nack, TPC) Data
QPSK1/4
New base station functions HARQ retransmissions Modulation/coding selection Packet data scheduling (short TTI)
UE2
Users may be time and/or code multiplexed
Fast scheduling is done directly in Node-B based on feedback information from UE and knowledge of current traffic state.
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COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL
RLC retransmissions, i.e., results in less delay jitter and is very attractive for data services such as TCP, etc.
The use of H-ARQ (using either chase combining or incremental
redundancy) adds increased robustness to the system and a spectral efficiency gain.
channel conditions.
Thus, we may chose to only schedule users which are experiencing
Multi-user diversity provides a cell capacity gain of 40-100%, compared to blind scheduling where no a priori knowledge of the radio channel is exploited. COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL NOKIA 2004 HSDPA, June 2004.
Competing Technologies
Concepts similar to HSDPA are also being introduced in other wireless standards. 1xEV-DO (1x Evolution Data Only)
Also known as high data rate (HDR). Adaptive modulation and coding + H-ARQ. Offers peak data rates up to 2.4 Mbps. Dominated by Qualcomm.
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COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL
Overhead
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----------------->
modulation - UE Id
HS-DSCH
Data packet
Ack/Nack received Timer in Node-B packetTransTimeExpire If no Ack/Nack received then initiate retransmission due to time-out.
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COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL
rate equals 15 kbps). Contain Ack/Nack (repetition encoded) and Channel Quality Indicator (protected by a (20,5) encoder). The HS-DPCCH transmit power equals the DPCH transmit power plus an offset. The HS-DPCCH may be received at two sectors on the same Node-B in order to improve the detection probability, but in general SHO is not supported for this channel. 3GPP status: Still ongoing discussions in WG4.
Overhe ad
DPCH
Primary modulation: BPSK, Spreading Factor: 4-256. Soft and softer handover supported.
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COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL
DCQI
DCQI
DPCCH
The power offset parameters [DACK; DNACK; DCQI] are controlled by the RNC and reported to the UE using higher layer signalling. The power offset can be up to 6 dB within 9 possible quantization steps, see the tables in 25.213.
Typically, DACK<DNACK in order to have a lower error probability for
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COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL
optimum for UEs in soft handover (SHO) mode, i.e. UEs with an active set size larger than one. Basically because the uplink DPCH will be in SHO mode (and power controlled according to that), while the HS-DPCCH will be in non-SHO mode.
Solution:
This implies that a larger power offset (DACK; DNACK; DCQI) typically is required for UEs
in SHO mode, compared to UEs in non-SHO mode. In most cases a repetition factor of two is also required to ensure suffiently good uplink reception of the HS-DPCCH. Thus, the same information is transmitted during two TTIs on the HS-DPCCH.
Special case:
If the UE is in softer handover (i.e., in SHO between cells on the same Node-B) then
the Node-B may allocate Rake fingers for reception of the HS-DPCCH in the same cells as for uplink reception of the DPCH from the UE. Thus, both the DPCH and HS-DPCCH will be received using maximal ratio combining of the signals from the cells in the UEs active set => Improved uplink HSDPCCH coverage and no power control problems.
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COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL
transmitted on the HS-DSCH even though it was correctly received by the UE during the first transmission, i.e., this results in wasted DL bandwidth.
Nack being interpretated as Ack The MAC-hs errorneously believe
that the transmission was successful so no physical layer retransmission will be executed. This triggers an RLC retransmission, which typically have much longer delays compared to the fast physical layer HARQ retransmissions.
DTX being interpretated as Ack May happen if the UE fails to
correctly decode the HS-SCCH and therefore also the HS-DSCH. This situation will trigger an RLC retransmission.
receiving data in every TTI, i.e. potentially lower maximum DL bit rate on COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL NOKIA 2004 HS-DSCH. HSDPA, June 2004. the
In deriving the CQI estimate, the UE assume that it receives the following HS-PDSCH power level:
PHS-PDSCH=PCPICH+G+D [dB] where PCPICH is the received pilot power, G is a parameter reported to the UE using higher layer signalling, and D is a power offset which is included in the CQI message.
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COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL
Tdelay approx 1 .5+1+4.5 +2+3 = 12 TS 2TS Tdelay approx 1.5+1+4.5 +2= 9TS 1 TS 2.5 TS 2Tprop
A/N C QI A/N C QI A/N C QI A/N C QI A/N C QI
C QI measurements performed at UE
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Source: T.E. Kolding, J. Wigard, HSDPA Code resources, December 2002, Version 0.1.0, NSR teamroom.
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