UNIT-1

In a simple, topological sense, a cloud computing solution is made up of several elements: clients the datacenter, distributed servers

clients are the devices that the end users interact with to manage their information on the cloud. Clients generally fall into three categories

Mobile devices include smart phones like a Blackberry, Windows Mobile Smartphone, or an iPhone. Thin Clients are computers that do not have internal hard drives, but rather let the server do all the work, but then display the information.

Thick This type of client is a regular computer,

using a web browser like Firefox or Internet Explorer to connect to the cloud.

Lower hardware costs Lower IT costs Security Data security Less power consumption Ease of repair or replacement Less noise

The datacenter is the collection of servers

where the application to which you subscribe is housed.

It could be a large room in the basement of your building or a room full of servers on the other side of the world that you access via the Internet.

The servers dont all have to be housed in the same location. Often, servers are in geographically disparate locations. But to you, the cloud subscriber, these servers act as if theyre humming away right next to each other. ex: Amazon ,windows azure

Cloud computing isnt a one-size-fits-all affair. There are several different ways the infrastructure can be deployed. The infrastructure will depend on the application and how the provider has chosen to build the cloud solution. This is one of the key advantages for using the cloud

Full virtualization is a technique in which a complete installation of one machine is run on another. The result is a system in which all software running on the server is within a virtual machine.

Sharing a computer system among multiple users Isolating users from each other and from the control program Emulating hardware on another machine

Para virtualization allows multiple operating systems to run on a single hardware device at the

same time by more efficiently using system resources, like processors and memory. In full virtualization, the entire system is emulated (BIOS, drive, and so on), but in par virtualization, its management module operates with an operating system that has been adjusted to work in a virtual machine.

The term services in cloud computing is the concept of being able to use reusable, fine-grained components across a vendors network. This is widely known as as a service. Offerings with as a service as a suffix

include traits like the following:

Low barriers to entry, making them available to small businesses Large scalability Multitenancy, which allows resources to be shared by many users Device independence, which allows users to access the systems on different hardware

Customer resource management (CRM) Video conferencing IT service management Accounting Web analytics Web content management

Familiarity with the World Wide Web Smaller staff Customization Better marketing Web reliability Security More bandwidth

Implementation and its use . SaaS also faces challenges from the availability of open source applications and cheaper hardware.

Add-on development facilities These allow existing SaaS applications to be customized. Often, PaaS developers and users are required to purchase subscriptions to the add-on SaaS application. Stand-alone environments These environments do not include licensing, technical, or financial dependencies on specific SaaS applications and are used for general developments.

Application delivery-only environments These environments support hosting level services, like security and ondemand scalability. They do not include development, debugging, and test capabilities.

Some other factors influencing adoption include: The ability of geographically isolated development teams to work together The ability to merge web services from multiple sources The ability to realize cost savings from using built-in infrastructure services for security, scalability, and failover, rather than having to obtain and test them separately The ability to realize cost savings from using higher-level programming abstractions

Because vendors use proprietary services or development languages, some developers are afraid of being locked into a single provider.

the costs are typically higher as compared to

moving applications between conventional hosts.

Amazon was one of the first companies to offer cloud services to the public, and they are very sophisticated. Amazon offers a number of cloud services, including Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) Offers virtual machines and extra CPU cycles for your organization. Simple Storage Service (S3) Allows you to store items up to 5GB in size in Amazons virtual storage service. Simple Queue Service (SQS) Allows your machines to talk to each other using this message-passing API. Simple DB A web service for running queries on structured data in real time. This service works in close conjunction with Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) and Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2), collectively providing the ability to store, process, and query data sets in the cloud You can see more about Amazons cloud services at http://aws.amazon.com

Google offers online documents and spreadsheets, and encourages developers to build features for

those and other online software, using its Google App

Engine.

Google reduced the web applications to a core set of

features, and built a good framework for delivering

them.

Google also offers handy debugging features.

It can be found online at

code.google.com/appengine/.

Key components of Azure Services Platform include Windows Azure Provides service hosting and management and low-level scalable storage, computation, and networking. Microsoft SQL Services Provides database services and reporting. Microsoft .NET Services Provides service-based implementations of .NET Framework concepts such as workflow. Live Services Used to share, store, and synchronize documents, photos, and files across PCs, phones, PC applications, and web sites. Microsoft SharePoint Services and Microsoft Dynamics CRM Services Used for business content, collaboration, and solution development in the cloud. www.microsoft.com/azure/default.mspx.

1. Scalability: If you are anticipating a huge upswing in computing need (or even if you are surprised by a sudden demand), cloud computing can help you manage. Rather than having to buy, install, and configure new equipment, you can buy additional CPU cycles or storage from a third party.

2.Simplicity:

In cloud computing we need not to buy and configure new equipment allows you and your IT staff to get right to your business. The cloud solution makes it possible to get your application started immediately, and it costs a fraction of what it would cost to implement an onsite solution.

3.Knowledgeable Vendors:

when new technology becomes popular, there are plenty of vendors who pop up to offer their version of that technology. This isnt always good, because a lot of those vendors tend to offer less than useful technology. By contrast, the first comers to the cloud computing party are actually very reputable companies.
Ex:Amazon, Google, Microsoft, IBM, and Yahoo!

4. More Internal Resources:

By shifting your non-mission-critical data needs to

a third party, your IT department is freed up to work on important, business-related tasks. You also dont have to add more manpower and training that stem from having to deal with these low-level tasks. When youre looking at service providers, make

sure you find someone who offers 24-hour help

and support and can respond to emergency situations.

5.Security: There are plenty of security risks when using a cloud vendor, but reputable companies strive to keep you safe and secure.

1.Your Sensitive Information 2. Protect Your Data: That doesnt mean you cant maintain your data on a cloud; you just need to be safe. The best way is to encrypt your data before you end it to a third party. Programs like PGP (www.pgp.com) or opensource True Crypt (www.truecrypt.org) can encrypt the file so that only those with a password can access it.

3. Applications Not Ready:

First, the application might require a lot of bandwidth to communicate with users. Remember, since cloud computing is paid based on how much you use, it might turn out to be less expensive in the long run to simply house the application locally until it can be rewritten or otherwise modified to operate more efficiently.

Privacy Concerns with a Third Party:

The first and most obvious concern is for privacy

considerations. That is, if another party is housing all your data, how do you know that its safe and secure? You really dont. As a starting point, assume that anything you put on the cloud

can be accessed by anyone.

Hackers: hackers are a real concern for your data managed on a cloud. Because your data is held on someone elses equipment, you may be at the mercy of whatever security measures they support. Bot Attackers: In a commonly recognized worst-case scenario, attackers use botnets to perform distributed denial of service (DDOS) attacks. In order to get the hackers to stop attacking your network, you face blackmail.

Centralized Data Reduced Data Loss Monitoring Instant Swapover Logging Secure Builds Improved Software Security Security Testing

Its rare when we actually want the government in our business. In the case of cloud computing, however, regulation might

be exactly what we need.

Without some rules in place, its too easy for service providers to be unsecure or even shifty enough to make off with your data.

Currently there is no existing regulation, but there should be. In September 2008, the United States government took control of Washington Mutual. It was viewed as the greatest bank failure in American history to date. It reminds us that no matter how huge a company is, it can still come tumbling down. Look at a company like Google, for instance. Its a big one and recently valued at $107 billion. That size and value would seem to make them bulletproof. But WaMu was worth $307 billion when it failed.

Is it the governments place to regulate cloud computing? As we mentioned, thanks to the Great Depression, we had regulation that protected WaMus customers money when the bank failed. There are two schools of thought on the issue. First, if government can figure out a way to safeguard dataeither from loss or theftany company facing such a loss would applaud the regulation. On the other hand, there are those who think the government should stay out of it and let competition and market forces guide cloud computing.

There are important questions that government needs to work out. First, who owns the data? Also, should law enforcement agencies have easier access to personal information on cloud data than that stored on a personal computer? These are some of the other cloud computing concerns that were reported: Eighty percent said theyd be very concerned if a vendor used their photos and other information in marketing campaigns. Sixty-eight percent said theyd be very concerned if the vendor used their personal information to send them personalized ads. Sixty-three percent said theyd be very concerned if service providers kept their data after the user deleted it.

There are also questions about whether government agencies will store their data on the cloud. Procurement regulations will have to change for government agencies to be keen on jumping on the cloud. There are pros and cons to using a cloud computing solution. Your organization is a unique animal and there is no one right answer as to whether or not you should use a cloud. However, consider your organizations needs and weigh the pros and cons of whether you should move to the cloud or not.

With traditional desktop computing, you run copies of software programs on each computer you own. The documents you create are stored on the computer on which they were created. Although documents can be accessed from other computers on the network, they cant be accessed by computers outsidethe network. The whole scene is PC-centric.

With cloud computing, the software programs you use arent run from your personal computer, but are rather stored on servers accessed via the Internet. If your computer crashes, the software is still available for others to use. Same goes for the documents you create; theyre stored on a collection of servers accessed via the Internet. Anyone with permission can not only access the documents, but can also edit and collaborate on those documents in real time.

Googles perspective, there are six key properties of cloud computing: Cloud computing is user-centric. Once you as a user are connected to the cloud, whatever is stored theredocuments, messages, images, applications, whateverbecomes yours. In addition, not only is the data yours, but you can also share it with others. In effect, any device that accesses your data in the cloud also becomes yours.

Cloud computing is task-centric. Instead of focusing on the application and what it can do, the focus is on what you need done and how the application can do it for you., Traditional applicationsword processing, spreadsheets, email, and so onare becoming less important than the documents they create.

Cloud computing is powerful. Connecting hundreds or thousands of computers together in a cloud creates a wealth of computing power impossible with a single desktop PC.

Cloud computing is accessible. Because data

is stored in the cloud, users can instantly retrieve more information from multiple repositories. Youre not limited to a single source of data, as you are with a desktop PC.

Cloud computing is intelligent. With all the

various data stored on the computers in a cloud, data mining and analysis are necessary to access that information in an intelligent manner.

Cloud computing is programmable. Many of the tasks necessary with cloud computing must be automated. For example, to protect the integrity of the data, information stored on a single computer in the cloud must be replicated on other computers in the cloud. If that one computer goes offline, the clouds programming automatically redistributes that computers data to a new computer in the cloud.

Lower-Cost Computers for Users Improved Performance Lower IT Infrastructure Costs Fewer Maintenance Issues Lower Software Costs Instant Software Updates Increased Computing Power Unlimited Storage Capacity Increased Data Safety

Improved Compatibility Between Operating Systems Improved Document Format Compatibility Easier Group Collaboration Universal Access to Documents Latest Version Availability Removes the Tether to Specific Devices

Requires a Constant Internet Connection Doesnt Work Well with Low-Speed Connections Can Be Slow Features Might Be Limited Stored Data Might Not Be Secure If the Cloud Loses Your Data, Youre Screwed

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