JOEL JOSE PUNNAKOTTIL

INTRODUCTION
disease caused by a virus called HIV (Human

Immunodeficiency Virus ) HIV - unique type of virus- retrovirus. Health condition worsens as disease progresses. People with HIV have HIV infection. AIDS last stage of HIV infection

Introduction (cont)
Origins of HIV late 19th or early 20th century in west

central Africa. First recognized 1980s Source of HIV in humans chimpanzee in west africa Simian immunodeficiency virus or SIV. Preventable, manageable but not curable. Treatments can slow the course of disease.

Epidemiology
Who : any person who comes in contact with infected

bodily fluids. Mode of transmission:

Myths about transmission

Signs &Symptoms:

Stage 1- Primary HIV infection Fever Chills Rash Night sweats Muscle aches Sore throat Fatigue Swollen lymph nodes Ulcers in the mouth

Stage 2 -Chronic phase

Virus becomes less active.
Asymptomatic Chronic or latency-p

phase Last up to 10 years.

Stage 3 symptomatic

Opportunistic infections and cancers start to appear. immune system deteriorates blurred vision Diarrhea, dry cough, fever above 37C lasting for weeks, permanent tiredness, shortness of breath, weight loss, white spots on the tongue or mouth.

Stage 4 - HIV AIDS

Last stage of HIV infection Esophagitis meningitis subacute encephalitis peripheral neuropathy, pneumonia, cancer (Kaposis sarcoma, lung cancer, lymphomas,) toxoplasmosis, Tb

Types of HIV tests.

Antibody test look for HIV antibodies
Enzyme immuno assay- uses blood, urine, oral fluid.

Approximately 2 weeks. Rapid HIV test test results in 10-20 minutes. Antigen test: not so common as antibody test. Require blood sample. Home testing Kits available- Home Access HIV-1 Test System (approved by FDA)

Treatments and drugs

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors:

Disable protein. example: efavirenz (Sustiva), etravirine (Intelence) and nevirapine (Viramune).

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors: Faulty

versions of building blocks.example: Abacavir (Ziagen)

 Protease inhibitors: Disable protease. example :

fosamprenavir (Lexiva)
Fusion inhibitors: block HIV entry into CD4 cells.

Examples :enfuvirtide (Fuzeon) and maraviroc (Selzentry).

Side effects: Nausea, vomiting or diarrhea, Abnormal

heartbeats, Shortness of breath, Skin rash, Weakened bones, Bone death

Prevention & control

Absistence
Sober sex Latex and polyurethane barrier methods

Fewer partners
Sterile needles Pregnancy Breast feeding Getting tested

Mortality and morbidity report

Estimated New HIV Infections in the United

States, 2010.

AIDS : Global Statistics

Bibliography
HIV/AIDS. (2013, November 14). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.

Retrieved 16:40, November 21, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS&oldid=581 590788 Management of HIV/AIDS. (2013, November 17). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 16:41, November 21, 2013, fromhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Management_of_HIV/ AIDS&oldid=582042506 HIV/AIDS in the United States. (2013, October 29). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 16:41, November 21, 2013, fromhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_the_Un ited_States&oldid=579195606 AIDS Drug Assistance Programs. (2011, September 13). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 16:43, November 21, 2013, fromhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AIDS_Drug_Assistanc e_Programs&oldid=450255405