1 Generation Computers

st

1942-1955
Vacuum Tube
Heat
Burnout
Machine
language Magnetic core
memory
Storage
Punched
cards

MARK I
(1944).
Aiken built the 1st
generation
computer.
Weighed 10,000
pounds
Speed
1calculation/3seco
nds
ENIAC
(Electron Numerical
Integrator and
Calculator)
1946
Constructer- John
Mauchly
Program storing
capacity
1calculation/millisecond
Weapon analysis
Weather Forecasting
Space study

UNIVAC
Universal Automatic
Computer
First computer built for
business.
Much more developed than
ENIAC
Constructed- J. Presper,
John Mouchly.
Ability to use both numeric n
textual information
Used magnetic tape for input
2nd Generation Computers
How did the second
generation computers
emerge?
The invention of “THE TRANSISTORS”
What is a Transistor?
Transistors & Vacuum
tubes
Advantages of the
transistors over vacuum
tubes-
Weight

Power consumption
Heat output

Because 2nd generation

computers used transistors,
they were smaller, faster
and more reliable than the
st
1st generation 2nd generation
computer computer
Languages:
Use of a high level programming
language instead of Assembly
Language.
Not machine specific.
COBOL
FORTRAN
Models
IBM’s fully 1401
IBM’s 1620 for scientific
computing
IBM’s Systems/360

Developments in this
(Compatible computers with
big instructions set)

generation
1959 ERMA
1963 ASCII

Disadvantages
Time sharing was not possible
Costlier than IC’s
Large in size
3rd Generation (1964 -
1970): Integrated Circuit
 An electronic circuit that packages transistors
and other electronic components into one small
silicon chip called semiconductor.
 The number of transistors that is placed on a
single chip has increased, shrinking both the
size and cost of computers.
 Keyboards and monitors were used.
 Magnetic disks were used widely as
secondary storage
 3 Generation
Computers
 Third generation computers use
semiconductor memories
 Read-Only Memory (ROM) and read-and-write
memories called Random Access Memory (RAM)
 The LILLIAC IV is an example of a third
generation computer.
 The CTSS (Compatible Time-Sharing
System) was developed at MIT in the early
1960s
3 Generation
Computers
4 Generation computers
th
1971-1990
Microprocessor –
Characteristic of 4th
generation.
This is a general purpose
processor on chip.
This generation uses
VLSI and ULSI technology
micro processor.
1000s of integrated
circuits were built on
single silicon chip that
First personal computer
Reduced size, reduced cost
and increased speed of micro
processor led to the creation
of 1st personal computer
In 1976 Steve Jobs and Steve
Wozniak built the Apple II
1981 IBM introduced its 1st
personal computers
In Direct competition with
IBM’s PC was Apple’s
Machitosh Line, 1984.
Three basic characteristics differentiate
microprocessor:
 Instruction set
 Band width
 Clock speed
Characteristics:
Cheapest among all generations
Easily portable
Speed accuracy and reliability is improved
Billions of circuits per cubic foot.
Explosive Growth:
 Digital watches
 Pocket calculators
 Personal computer
5 Generation
th

(Present & Beyond) :

Artificial Intelligence
 Artificial Intelligence (AI)
concerns with making
computers behave and think
like humans.
 The branch of computer
science that deal with
writing computer programs
that can solve problems
creatively
Artificial
Intelligence
The Generation of computer Development
Generation Years Circuitry Characterized
First 1950’s Vacuum tubes by
Difficult to
program, used
only machine
language
Second Early 1960’s Transistors Easier to
program, could
work with
business
tabulating
Third Mid 1960- Integrated machines,
Time scanning
1970’s circuits cheaper
mini-computer
Fourth Mid 1970’s to VLSI and the Personal
1990’s micro processor computer,
graphical user,
user interface,
internet
Fifth 1990’s till date Micro and Nano Laptops,
Chips, WiFi Robotics,Nanot
echnology
 y o u …
a n k
Th