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Complete definition (description) of the DB structure Constraints Structure of each file The type and storage format of each data item The DBMS software must work equally well with any number of DB applications as long as the DB definition is stored in the catalog.
Insulation between programs and data: Called program-data independence (w.r.t OODB It is Program operation independence) Allows changing data structures and storage organization without having to change the DBMS access programs.
Data Abstraction: Hiding implementation details(i.e. high level details) from end user. Eg:In case of storage of data in database user can only access the database, but implementation details such as how the data is stored physically onto the disc is hidden from user. A data model is used to hide storage details and present the users with a conceptual view of the database.
A data model is a collection of concepts for describing data properties and domain knowledge:
Data relationships Data semantics Data constraints Eg: Entity-relationship Model
Diagrammatic representation Easier to work with
Support of multiple views of the data: Each user may see a different view of the database, which describes only the data of interest to that user.
1.Redundancy and Integrity issues 2.Use should write separate program to perform each task(it may be complex) 3. No security 4. No backup & recovery 5. No Protection for data in 10 concurrent access
Advantages Greater flexibility Good for larger databases Greater processing power Fits the needs of many medium to large-sized organizations Storage for all relevant data Ensures data integrity between transactions (ACID = atomicity, consistency, isolation, durability) Supports simultaneous access Provides backup and recovery controls Advanced security
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DATABASE
Disadvantages
Advantages of Using the Database Approach Controlling redundancy in data storage. Sharing of data among multiple users. Restricting unauthorized access to data. Providing Storage Structures (e.g. indexes) for efficient Query Processing
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Providing backup and recovery services. Providing multiple interfaces to different classes of users. Representing complex relationships among data. Enforcing integrity constraints on the database and security. Data Independence
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Edgar Frank "Ted" Codd (August 23, 1923 April 18, 2003) was a British computer scientist who, while working for IBM, invented the relational model for database management, the theoretical basis for relational databases. He made other valuable contributions to computer science, but the relational model, a very influential general theory of data management, remains his most mentioned achievement.
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