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NEED
SEARCH
UNSATISFIED CREATES BEHAVIOUR
NEED TENSION (DRIVE/
ACTION)
GOAL NOT
GOAL ACHIEVED
ACHIEVED
TENSION
FRUSTRATION
RELIEVED
TRADITIONAL ASSUMPTIONS
ABOUT PEOPLE
THEORY X THEORY Y
Social
Higher Order Self esteem
(Growth needs)
Needs can be Self-actualisation
Physiological
Lower Order
(Striving needs) Safety
No Motivation
No Dissatisfaction
Dissatisfaction
Low High Low High
Hygiene Motivators
HERZBERG’S TWO FACTOR
THEORY
HYGIENE/MAINTAINANCE MOTIVATIONAL/SATISFIERS
Absence of these factors Absence of these does not
cause dissatisfaction cause dissatisfaction.
Presence of these factors Presence of these factors
will not bring strong bring strong motivation.
motivation. These are-Achievement,
Necessary to maintain recognition, advancement, work
status quo. itself, personal growth,
These are-Company policy responsibility.
&administration, technical Directly related to job
supervision, Interpersonal content. So, intrinsic to the
relations with seniors; job.
peers; sub-ord, salary, job
security, personal life, work
condition,status.
Related to job context.
Extrinsic to job.
HERZBERG’S TWO FACTOR
THEORY
CRITICAL ANALYSIS:
Herzberg assumes there is a relationship between
productivity & satisfaction. His research focused only
on satisfaction.
Used “Critical Incident Method” for this study. Procedure
limited as you might not recollect some important things
during time of study.
Said there are different continuum for satisfaction and
dissatisfaction.
MASLOW’S
ERG THEORY
NEED HIERARCHY
Self actualisation
GROWTH
Internal
Esteem
External RELATEDNESS
Social
Security
EXISTENCE
Physiological
ERG MODEL OF MOTIVATION
Frustration-Regression Satisfaction-Progression
Growth Needs
Relatedness Needs
Existence Needs
ALDERFER’S ERG THEORY
More than one need can be operative at a time.
Safety Hygiene
Existence
Physiological