Internet

by Maria Elena Y. Timbang

The Internet
What are some services found on the Internet?

The Internet
How did the Internet originate?

Goal: To allow scientists and militar! at different locations to s"are information

Became functional September 1969 ARPAN T

Goal: To function if part of network were disabled

Evolution of the Internet

Has its roots in a networking project started by the Pentagons Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA) ARPA is an agency o! the "# $ept o! $e!ense

ARPAs goals
Build a network that !"Allowed scientists at different #h$sical locations to share information and work together on militar$ and scientific #ro%ects &"'ould function even if #art of the network were disa(led or destro$ed ($ disaster such as a nuclear attack

ARPA)ET
* )etwork esta(lished ($ the agenc$ * Became functional in +e#t" !,-, * .inked scientific and academic researchers across the /+" * 'onsisted of 0 main com#uters located at /'.A1 /'+B1 +tanford Research Institute1 and /niversit$ of /tah * Each com#uter served as a host on the network
&

Host
* 'ommonl$ known toda$ as a server * It is an$ com#uter that #rovides services and connections to the other com#uters on a network" * 2ften use high3s#eed communications to transfer data and messages over a network

'

The Internet
How has the Internet grown?
Toda! #ore t"an $$% million computer linked "osts 19&' #ore t"an 1(%%% "osts 1969 )*our+ "osts

The Internet
Who controls the Internet?

No one 6 it is a public( cooperati2e( and independent network Se2eral or3ani7ations set standards .,/-( 8-ANN( etc0
c c

,orld ,ide ,eb -onsortium .,/-0

12ersees researc"( sets standards and 3uidelines Tim Berners45ee

How the Internet Works

How can $ou connect to the Internet?
Slow4speed Slow4speed tec"nolo3! tec"nolo3!
:ial4up :ial4upaccess access modem in modem inyour your computer uses computer usesaa standard standardtelephone telephoneline line to connect to the Internet to connect to the Internet
-onnection -onnectionmust mustbe beestablis"ed establis"ed eac" time !ou lo3 eac" time !ou lo3on; on; Slow but ine<pensi2e Slow but ine<pensi2e

9i3"4speed 9i3"4speed connection connection

$#+ 1 1cab,e 11 $#+ cab,e-ode-ode!i.ed 1 1/i01i2 !i.edwire,ess wire,ess /i01i2/i3A42 /i3A42 and andsate,,ite sate,,ite-ode-s -ode-s

-onnection -onnectionis isalwa!s alwa!son6 on6 w"ene2er t"e computer w"ene2er t"e computer is isrunnin3 runnin3

1*

E4am#les of Broad(and Internet +ervice * 'a(le Internet service 5 #rovides high3 s#eed Internet access through ca(le television network via a ca(le modem" * 6+. 7digital su(scri(er line8 5 #rovides high3s#eed Internet connections using regular co##er tele#hone lines" * 9i(er to the Premises 79TTP8 5 uses fi(er o#tic ca(le to #rovide high3s#eed Internet access to home and (usiness users"
11

E4am#les of Broad(and Internet +ervice * 9i4ed wireless 5 #rovides high3s#eed Internet connections using a dish3sha#ed antenna on $our house or (usiness to communicate with a tower location via radio signals"

12

E4am#les of Broad(and Internet +ervice * 'ellular radio network 5 offers high s#eed Internet connections to devices with (uilt3 in com#ati(le technolog$ or com#uters with wireless modems

13

E4am#les of Broad(and Internet +ervice * Wi39i 7wireless fidelit$8 network 5 uses radio signals to #rovide high3s#eed Internet connections to com#ati(le or #ro#erl$ e:ui##ed wireless com#uters and devices" * +atellite Internet service 5 #rovides high3 s#eed Internet connections via satellite to a satellite dish that communicates with a satellite modem"
14

How the Internet Works

What are wa$s to access the Internet?
1; =; /;

8SP( re3ional or national 1SP .A15 and #SN( for e<ample0 ,ireless 8nternet Ser2ice Pro2ider

1%

Access Provider
* A (usiness that #rovides individuals and organi;ations access to the Internet free or for a fee"

1&

'ategories of Access Providers

* I+P 7Internet service #rovider8 5 is a regional or national access #rovider" A regional I+P #rovides Internet access to a s#ecific geogra#hic area" A national I+P #rovides Internet access in cities and towns nationwide" E4am#le of national I+Ps are AT<T and Earth.ink1 +k$ Internet1 =osaic 'ommunications1 Inc1 Infocom1 etc"
1'

'ategories of Access Providers

* 2+P 7online service #rovider8 5 #rovides Internet access and has man$ mem(ers3 onl$ features such as instant messaging or their own customi;ed version of a We( (rowser" * =ost #o#ular 333 A2. 7American 2nline81 =+) 7=icrosoft )etwork8

1(

'ategories of Access Providers

* WI+P 7wireless Internet service #rovider8 5 #rovides wireless Internet access to deskto# and note(ook com#uters and mo(ile devices or to com#uters using wireless modems 7in the form of /+B flash drive or a card that inserts in a slot in a com#uter or mo(ile device"

1)

'ategories of Access Providers

* AT<T1Boingo Wireless1 +#rint Broad(and 6irect1 T3=o(ile1 >eri;on Wireless1 Tatoo Pre#aid +tick1 +mart 'ommunications1 Air(orne Access

2*

Internet Address
* IP address 7Internet Protocol address8 5 is a num(er that uni:uel$ identifies each com#uter or device connected to the Internet" * 'onsists of four grou#s of num(ers se#arated ($ a #eriod"

21

Internet Address
* The num(er in each grou# is (etween ? and &@@" * E4am#le A&"!0"&?A",, are an IP address 9irst #ortion 5 identifies the network .ast #ortion identifies the s#ecific com#uter

22

6omain name
* Te4t version of an IP address since all3 numeric IP address are difficult to remem(er and use" E4" IP address 333333 A&"!0"&?A",, 6omain name 33333 www"google"com
to# level domain

* Ever$ domain name contains a to#3level domain 7T.68 which is the last section of the domain name" It identifies the t$#e of organi;ation associated with the domain"
23

The World Wide We(

,"at is t"e ,orld ,ide ,eb .,,,0>

A worldwide collection of electronic documents

Also called the /eb

Each electronic document is called a /eb page

'an contain te4t1 gra#hics1 audio1 video1 and (uilt3in connections

A /eb site is a collection of related We( #ages

2%

The World Wide We(

What is a We( (rowser?

Pro3ram t"at allows !ou to 2iew ,eb pa3es

MS Internet Explorer Opera Firefox 2/3

Chrome

Safari (Apple) Sea Monkey Avant Netscape 2&

The World Wide We(

How does a We( (rowser dis#la$ a home #age?
#tep 2
Web browser looks up the home page setting

#tep 3 #tep 1
Click the Web browser program name The Web browser communicates with the access providers server to retrieve the IP address. The IP address is sent to your computer.

#tep 4
The home page displays in the Web browser

2'

The World Wide We(

What is a home #age?

T"e first pa3e t"at a ,eb site displa!s 1ften pro2ides connections to ot"er ,eb pa3es T"e process of a computer recei2in3 information :ependin3 upon connection speed( downloadin3 can take from a few seconds to se2eral minutes T"e top of t"e browser displa!s a tab for eac" ,eb pa3e !ou open
2(

,"at is downloadin3>

,"at is tabbed browsin3>

The World Wide We(

What is a /R.? 7/niformB/niversal Resource .ocator
?ni@ue address for a ,eb pa3e
A web server delivers the Web page to your computer

2)

The World Wide We(

What is a h$#erlink 7link8?

Built4in connection to anot"er related ,eb pa3e

Item found elsewhere on same Web page ifferent Web page at same Web site Web page at a different Web site

3*

The World Wide We(

How can $ou recogni;e links?

Pointer c"an3es to a small "and w"en !ou point to a link A link can be te<t or an ima3e Te<t links are usuall! underlined and in a different color

31

The World Wide We(

What is a search engine?

Pro3ram used to find ,eb sites and ,eb pa3es b! enterin3 words or p"rases called searc" te<t A /B;com See also:
http://www.thesearchenginelist.com/

32

The World Wide We(

What is a su(%ect director$? 7CahooD8

Searc" tool wit" or3ani7ed set of topics and subtopics

5ets !ou find information b! clickin3 links rat"er t"an enterin3 ke!words

33

The World Wide We(

What is a hit?

An! ,eb site name t"at is listed as t"e result of a searc"

34

The World Wide We(

What are the thirteen (asic t$#es of We( sites?

Porta,

)ews

Informational

BusinessB =arketing

Educational Entertainment

Advocac$

Blog

Wiki

+ocial 'ontent )etwork Aggregator

Personal

We( A##

3%

The World Wide We(

What are the guidelines for evaluating the value of a We( site?
Affiliation Audience Authorit$ 'ontent

'urrenc$

6esign

2(%ectivit$

3&

The World Wide We(

What is multimedia?

Application inte3ratin3 te<t wit" ot"er media elements

Grap"ics Animation Audio Cideo Cirtual realit! Plu34ins

3'

The World Wide We(

What is a thum(nail?

Small 2ersion of a lar3er 3rap"ic ima3e6used to impro2e ,eb pa3e displa! time
!sually click on thumbnail to display larger image

3(

The World Wide We(

What is animation?

Appearance of motion created b! displa!in3 a series of still ima3es in se@uence

3)

The World Wide We(

What is audio?

#usic( speec"( or an! ot"er sound 8ndi2idual compressed sound files t"at !ou download from t"e ,eb to !our computer 1nce downloaded( !ou can pla! .listen to0 t"e contents of t"e files A podcast is recorded audio.D2ideo0( usuall! an #P/D' file( stored on a ,eb site t"at can be downloaded to a computer or a portable media pla!er

4*

The World Wide We(

What is streaming audio?

Transfers data in a Econtinuous and e2enF flow nables !ou to listen to t"e sound as it downloads to !our computer

41

The World Wide We(

What is streaming video?

-onsists of full4motion ima3es( most wit" sound( pla!ed back at 2arious speeds #P G .#o2in3 Pictures <perts Group0 is popular 2ideo compression standard

42

The World Wide We(

What is virtual realit$ 7>R8?

?se of computers to simulate a real or ima3ined en2ironment Appears as a t"ree dimensional ./4:0 space
!sed for games and many practical applications

43

The World Wide We(

What are #lug3ins?

Pro3rams t"at e<tend t"e capabilit! of a browser Gou can download man! plu34ins at no cost from 2arious ,eb sites

44

We( Pu(lishing
What is We( #u(lishing?

:e2elopment and maintenance of ,eb pa3es

#tep 2 #tep 1
Plan the Web site Analy"e and design the Web site

#tep 3
Create the Web site

#tep %
#aintain the Web site

#tep 4
eploy the Web site

4%

E3'ommerce
What is E-Commerce?

S"ort for electronic commerce Business transaction t"at occurs o2er t"e 8nternet
Business to -onsumer .B=-0
Sale of 3oods to 3eneral public

-onsumer to -onsumer .-=-0

1ne consumer sells directl! to anot"er

Client Customer

Business to Business .B=B0

Business pro2idin3 3oods and ser2ices to ot"er businesses

4&

2ther Internet +ervices

What is e3mail?

S"ort for electronic mail T"e transmission of messa3es and files 2ia a computer network
#essages can consist of simple te$t or can contain attachments% such as documents% graphics% or audio&video clips Internet access providers usually provide an e4mail pro3ram

4'

2ther Internet +ervices

What is an e3mail address?

Name t"at consists of a user name and domain name t"at identifies t"e user )Plus H +

4(

2ther Internet +ervices

How does an e3mail message travel?
#tep 1
!sing e'mail software% you create and send message

#tep 2
(our software contacts software on your service providers outgoing mail server

#tep 4
When recipient uses e'mail software to check for e'mail messages% the message transfers from incoming mail server to recipients computer

#tep 3
)oftware on outgoing mail server determines best route for data and sends message% which travels along Internet routers to recipients incoming mail server

4)

2ther Internet +ervices

What is 9TP?

*ile Transfer Protocol68nternet standard t"at permits !ou to upload and download files wit" ot"er computers on t"e 8nternet

%*

2ther Internet +ervices

What are newsgrou#s and message (oards?

News3roup
*nline area where users discuss a particular sub+ect

3essage board T$#e of discussion grou# #any Web sites use message boards because they are easier to use

%1

2ther Internet +ervices

What is a mailing list?

Group of e4mail names and addresses 3i2en a sin3le name ,"en a messa3e is sent to t"e mailin3 list( e2er!one on t"e list recei2es t"e messa3e To add !our name to a mailin3 list !ou must subscribe to itI to remo2e !our name !ou must unsubscribe Sometimes called a 5istSer2 #ana3er DAdministrator sometimes called a Major Domo

%2

2ther Internet +ervices

What is a chat?

Real4time t!ped con2ersation t"at takes place on a computer

-"at room is a location on an 8nternet ser2er t"at permits users to discuss topics of interest

%3

2ther Internet +ervices

What is instant messaging 7I=8?

A real4time 8nternet communications ser2ice t"at notifies !ou w"en one or more people are online and allows !ou to e<c"an3e messa3es or files

LIKE?

%4

2ther Internet +ervices

What is internet tele#hon$? E>oIPF
nables users to speak to ot"er users o2er t"e 8nternet usin3 t"eir computer

%%

)eti:uette
What is neti:uette?

-ode of acceptable be"a2iors users s"ould follow w"ile on t"e 8nternet

Golden Rule: Treat ot"ers as !ou would like t"em to treat !ou;

%&