POST AND TELECOMMUNICATION INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

PART 2
TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK AND CLASSIFICATION

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DEFINITION OF TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK

Telecommunications

network is a collection of telecommunications equipment are linked together by a certain architectural structures, to provide telecommunications services to subscribers. The telecommunications network will be made on the basis identified needs, functions and applications of network types needed. Classified telecommunication network is made according to the following basic:
Classification according to the organization network. Classification according to the nature of service Classification by network type

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CLASSIFICATION OF TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK

Classification by network organizations categorized by network

organization is based on the type of telecommunications network scale of the Organization and the nature of telecommunications networks and services of each country,
International Telecommunication Network: National Telecommunications Network Telecommunications network of State or Area

International Telecommunication Network definitions: The

international telecommunications network is the network was built to serve the connection to exchange information between a country's telecommunications network with the telecommunications networks of other countries in the world.

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CLASSIFICATION OF TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK

Figure 1: Overview of the international network

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COMPONENTS OF THE INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK

Active Components infrastructure Switches: International gateway switches (GE-Gateway Exchange). Is switching systems of each country is responsible for the connection of the national telecommunications network with the telecommunications networks of other countries in the world. This switching system determines the quality and amount of information connected to national network with networks in the world. Transmission: International transmission. Is the equipment for transmission of information between national telecommunications networks with the international telecommunications network. There are two types of international transmission, the transmission is by cable and satellite transmission. So the international transmission equipment will include: optical transmission equipment and satellite transmission.

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INTERNATIONAL NETWORK

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AUXILIARIES

Power source systems. The air-conditioning system. Lightning Protection system. Fire alarm systems. Monitoring systems, security control System grounding.

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PASSIVE INFRASTRUCTURE
Passive infrastructure is comprised of the components support

proactive infrastructure for protection. The house. Is the shell of the station was built to protect the active devices (switches, transmission, auxiliary equipment) avoid being damaged by the impact of the natural environment and the effects on the other. Protective means of transmission system. The security infrastructure of cable transmission network avoid breaks anymore due to the impact of the natural environment and the other effects, this system includes: systems of tunnels, duct, conduit, manhole, gutter.

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NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK

The communication core of every country serves as the

backbone to connect information between regions, between the networks of enterprises in the country to each other and connect these networks with international networks. Constituents of national telecommunications network: National Telecommunications Network is made from the following divisions:
Active infrastructure

Passive-infrastructure.

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NATIONAL NETWORK

Figure 2: Overview of the national network

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National Network
Active infrastructure National switches (Exchange, TE-Transit Exchange) National backbone transmission. National transmission network cabling Passive infrastructure: The National switching station, Building Network protection system transmission cable included System of tunnels Track system. Manhole. Duct, conduit

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DOMAIN NETWORK
Regional

telecommunications network is a telecommunications network, the construction business is serves the connection information between the regions, local in the region. Active infrastructure
Switches the (HLE-Host Local Exchange)
Interregional transmission. Local transmission. Interregional transmission Cable Network.

Local transmission Cable Network.

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DOMAIN NETWORK

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REGIONAL NETWORK

Regional telecommunications network is the network of an organization, the construction business is essential to serve the needs of communication services for subscribers in a given local area.

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CLASSIFICATION OF TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK

Figure 3: Overview of the Area network

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LOCAL NETWORK
Local switches (RLE-Remote Local Exchange) Local access (RLA-Remote Local Access) Local transmission. Local transmission Cable Network. Connection cable Network subscription

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PUBLIC AND PRIVATE NETWORK

Classification by nature and use Classified telecommunication network based on the nature of

use of the telecommunications networks are built, in the form of this classification it is split up into 2 specific categories as follows:
Private Telecommunication Network Public Telecommunications Network

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PRIVATE TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK

Private telecommunication network is the network is built with

the purpose of serving for a business, organization, with a mission to ensure the demand for communication services in accordance with the needs of the Organization, the business. On the basic functions and tasks, the private network is divided into categories that networks are as follows:
Network government service. Military Network Network serving public safety.

Network serves the business organization

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GOVERNMENT NETWORK
Telecommunications network serves the Government was built

with the purpose of serving the needs of communication service for the Government, departments of Government. Telecommunications network has a duty to provide full service needs to ensure contact information for agencies, government entities and the State.

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GOVERNMENT NETWORK
With the task of meeting the needs for government information

service, satisfying the Government's direction to all levels of government agencies in the country, so the scale of government network construction is the type of 2 networklevel, which is a regional level and local level, diagram of the government network as follows: Switch infrastructures
Switching regions (HLE-Host Local Exchange), Switching areas (RLE-Remote Local Exchange).

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GOVERNMENT NETWORK
Transport infrastructure National transmission Interregional transmission Transmission region. Local area transmission The national transmission network cabling Interregional transmission Cable Network. Cable networks, local area transmission Cable networks to connect terminal equipment services.

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NETWORK ZONES

Figure 4: Overview of the Zone network

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MILITARY NETWORK
Definition Telecommunications network serving the military is built with the purpose of providing Telecommunication services to serve leadership only in the military units of the country Infrastructure components of military networks. With the task of providing the services, ensure communication with all of the country's army units played scattered in the area, the local region of the country. Military telecommunications network are also built in a hierarchy such as the network service of the Government. So the network infrastructure serves the army and similar network government service.

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PUBLIC SAFETY TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK

Definition Telecommunications network serving public safety network is built with the purpose of providing information services to serve leadership only in the nation's public security unit
Infrastructure component of the network of public security With the task of providing the services, ensure communication with all nation's public security unit plays scattered in the area, the local region of the country. Conventional telecoms network should serve public security is also built in a hierarchy such as the network service of the Government and military networks. So the network infrastructure serving public safety is the same and similar network serving the Government, the military network.

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TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK OF THE BUSINESS ORGANIZATION

Definition Telecommunications network for the business organization's telecommunications network was built with the purpose of serving the needs of communication service for private enterprise Infrastructure components of business organization network Because the goal is to serve the needs of information and liaison services for an organization, enterprise. So the scale of the network is built on the basis of the need to meet the Organization's business. Typically telecommunications network serving enterprise, organizations are built according to the form as follows:

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DIAGRAM LARGE CORPORATE ORGANIZATIONS

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PRIVATE TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK

Definition Private telecommunication network is built to serve exclusively for an efficiently operating organizations ... with the task of ensuring provision of communication services in line with the request of the beneficiary enterprise organizations. According to this definition, each country will have the kind of private use networks:
Government network
Military network Network serving public safety, Polish. Network serves the business organization

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PUBLIC TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK

Public

telecommunications network is network by the telecommunications business set up, built to provide telecommunications services. Public telecommunications networks are built and developed under the strategy, the plan has been the competent State agencies for approval. In the public telecommunications network are classified into the following types of specific network:
Terrestrial fixed network Fixed satellite communication Network

Land Mobile communication Network

Satellite mobile Network

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FIXED TERRESTRIAL COMMUNICATION NETWORK

Fixed terrestrial communication network is the network

offers information services to the Subscriber at a fixed position during use. Infrastructure component of the fixed network. Fixed telecommunications networks are classified into 4 levels like the following diagram:
Level 1: International gateway switches Level 2: National switches Level 3: Domain Switches Level 4: Local Area switches

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FIXED TERRESTRIAL COMMUNICATION NETWORK

MNG QUC T

Cp 1

CHUYN MCH CA NG QUC T (GE GATEWAY)

Cp 2

Mng truyn dn

CHUYN MCH CHUYN TIP QUC GIA (TE - TRANSIT EXCHANGE)

Cp 3

CHUYN MCH NI HT (HLE - HOST LOCAL EXCHANGE)

Cp 4

CHUYN MCH KHU VC (RLE - REMOTE LOCAL EXCHANGE) Mng cp thu bao

THU BAO (Subcriber)

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FIXED SATELLITE COMMUNICATION NETWORK

Fixed

satellite communication network is the network provides the type of service by satellite transceiver equipment to the terminal station located at fixed positions.

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LAND MOBILE COMMUNICATION NETWORK

Mobile communication network is a network that the

subscriber terminal capable of implementation in mobile communications. Depending on mobility, coverage characteristics, intended use and the techniques of modulation, coding that people distinguish mobile information systems such as: local mobile (also known as wireless local loop circuits, local radio), the GSM global mobile communication CDMA.

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LAND MOBILE COMMUNICATION NETWORK

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SATELLITE MOBILE NETWORKS

Satellite mobile communications network is the network to which the Subscriber connection, communicating with each other via the satellite system and capable of implementation in mobile communications.

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TRADITIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK (PSTN AND PLMN)

Traditional Network PSTN (Public Switch telephone Network)

and PLMN(public land mobile network)the network provides the voice and non-voice services by switching channels, i.e. According to the mode of connection-oriented (oriented connection): a fixed phone calls are conducted through three steps: set up the connection, maintain connections and frees the connection (setup-conversation-released) by using the signaling system.

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INGREDIENTS OF TRADITIONAL NETWORK

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TRADITIONAL NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE COMPONENTS

Switching Network Switching nodes is the intermediate points on the telecommunications network, which made a temporary connection between the input (the subscription server) and the output (subscriber) as required. The network provides mobile phone services and the non-fixed-switching nodes are used including: the switching node region (the satellite operator), the switching node local, local (Host) and the national relay switching node (Tandem).

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SWITCHING NETWORK
Type of the Switches: Circuit-switched network: Switching process is divided into 3 phases, set up, communication and liberation (release). To set the connection controls, and Liberation, the network switches to channel using signaling techniques for implementation (common channel signaling R2 signaling, the private channel CC7). Packet switching: Divide the data traffic into packets and transmitted on a network share, the period set, transmitter and frees are made at the same time over a period of time and are often determined by the packet header. Advanced Switching IP/ATM.

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CIRCUIT-SWITCHED NETWORK

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PACKET SWITCHING

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TRANSMISSION NETWORK
The

transmission network is the largest information transmission network of the telecommunications network. Transmission network connection function, transmission of information between the nodes in the switching region, the regions, the national relay switching node, the total of international radio stations, and between national telecommunications networks with international networks. The transmission network is split into two levels: the backbone transmission Network (the province) and local transmission network (in the Cabinet).

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TRANSMISSION NETWORK
Backbone transmission Network functions to connect local

switching node (Host) with national switching node (Tandem), international switching nodes (Gateway) and the international network. The network was previously mainly used transmission using optical cable and Microwave link. Today, due to the development of technology should primarily use high-speed optical cable.

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TRANSMISSION NETWORK
Local transmission Network (Domain, State) has the function

of connecting the nodes switching areas (Remote) with the local switch node (Host), this network mainly uses optical cable transmission and Microwave link.

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Topology of Network

a) The Star Network

b) Grid Net Network

c) Circle Network d) The network shape

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CLASSIFICATION OF TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK

Gm: -Tng i GE - Tng i TE - Tng i HLE - Tng i RLE
Gm: - Truyn dn quc t Gm: - Truyn dn quc gia - Truyn dn vng - Truyn dn hu tuyn - Truyn dn v tuyn - Truyn dn khu vc

Thit b truyn dn

Phng tin truyn dn

Thit b truyn dn

Figure 8: Overview fixed ground network

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ACCESS NETWORK ACCESS

Access network is a network of the telecommunications

network, is a direct network connection, communication with subscribers. Such a network consists of all the equipment and the line was installed between the local switching stations to the terminal equipment of the Subscriber.

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REFERENCE MODEL OF NETWORK PHYSICAL ACCESS

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FIXED NETWORK HIERARCHY

INTERNATIONAL NETWORK

GE GATEWAY

TE - TRANSIT EXCHANGE

HLE - HOST LOCAL EXCHANGE

RLE - REMOTE LOCAL EXCHANGE

Subcriber

Figure 9: overview the active infrastructure components fixed telecommunications network

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THE TYPE OF NETWORK ACCESS

Classified according to Access by rules of Access by ISDN. To access the interface

the bandwidth Narrowband access Broadband access. Categorized under technology

V5 XDSL access HFC access and Cable modem Optical access Fixed wireless access VSAT satellite access
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NEXT GENERATION NETWORKS (NGN)

Next generation telecommunication networks (NGN) has

many different names, such as:

Networks (offers many different service types). Converged network support (for voice and data traffic, structural

convergence network). Distribution network (distributed intelligence for every element in the network). Multi-layer network (network are distributed into multiple network layers that function independently but support each other instead of one as in the TDM network).

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CHARACTERISTICS OF NGN
NGN has 4 main characteristics are as follows: The platform is open network systems. NGN service network is due to foster, but the service is performed independently of the network. NGN network is packet switching, based on a protocol. Is the network that are on the rise, taking into account the increasing also adaptation, have sufficient capacity to meet demand.

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NGN STRUCTURE
From NGN structure model

and solution of different companies put out on the market, can take out NGN structure consists of 4 layers as follows: Transmission and access layer (Access + Transport) Media layer; Control Layer Management Layer NGN structure

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TRANSMISSION PARTS
Transmission Parts Physical layer: optical transmission with optical wavelength Multiplexing technique of DWDM is used. layer 2 and layer 3: Transmission across the network core (core network) based on technical packages for all these services with quality of service QoS options required for each type of service. ATM or IP/MPLS may be used as the background for transmission across the network core to ensure QoS. The core may belong to MAN or backbone The routers used in the core network as large flow, on the contrary, when low traffic, switch-router can assume the function of this router always.

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THE ACCESS LAYER

The access layer: Physical layer: Cable line: coaxial cable, xDSL currently in use. However in DWDM optical transmission future, PON (Passive Optical Network) will gradually dominate and market xDSL, cable modem is gradually shrinking. Mobile communication: GSM or CDMA technology, fixed wireless access, satellite. Layer 2 and Layer 3: IP technology will make the background for network access.

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COMMUNICATIONS LAYER
As part of the: The device in the media layer is the

communications port (MG-Media Gateway) includes:

The portal access: AG (Access Gateway) connections between the core

network with network access, RG (Residential gateways) core network connections with the network of subscribers at home. Communication ports: TG (Trunking Gateway) to connect with the core advice based PSTN/ISDN, WG (Wireless Gateway) connected to the core network to the mobile network.

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COMMUNICATIONS LAYER
Media Layer has the compatibility to other access

techniques with techniques of packet switching in ATM or IP backbone. Or in other words, this layer is responsible for converting the type of environment (such as PSTN, LAN, wireless, Frame Relay,) to the media pack was applied on the core network and vice versa. As a result, the switch nodes (ATM + IP) and transmission systems will make the function switches, routing calls between subscribers of the access layer under the control of the equipment in the control layer.

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CONTROL LAYER
Control layer includes the control system that the main

ingredient is Soft switch also Known as Media Gateway Controller or a Call Agent is connected to the other components to connect calls or IP address management as: SGW (Signaling Gateway), MS (Media Sever), FS (Feature Server), AS (Application Server).

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MANAGEMENT LAYER
This Layer directly impacts on the entire remaining layer, on

duty to monitor the operation of the network, the Layer managed to secure work in an open environment, with many protocols, services and different operators.

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SOFT SWITCH

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Q &A

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Center of Consultancy and Technology Transfer

Research Institute of Posts And Telecommunication

Telephone: 84 4 3 756 0832/ 84 4 3 754 4486 Fax : 84 4 3 756 0833 Email thanhnt2@ptit.edu.vn, thanhript@gmail.com
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