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Maximum height above roof top?
2
2
1
t a t v x x
x xi i f
+ + =
calculate x
f
for the time
obtained above
( )
2
04 . 2
2
8 . 9
04 . 2 20 =
f
x
m 4 . 20 =
Time the stone returns to the level of the roof?
2
2
1
t a t v x x
x xi i f
+ + =
make x
f
equal to x
i
0 9 . 4 20
2
= t t
0 = t
s 08 . 4 = t
beginning
end
twice
Continuation
velocity when back to roof top?
t a v v
x xi xf
+ =
Velocity and position for t = 5s
2
2
1
t a t v x x
x xi i f
+ + =
( )
2
5
2
8 . 9
5 20 =
f
x
m 5 . 22 =
08 . 4 8 . 9 20 =
xf
v m/s 20 =
t a v v
x xi xf
+ = 5 8 . 9 20 =
xf
v
m/s 0 . 29 =
xf
v
Position and velocity vectors
i
r
A
The displacement
connects the tip
of the initial
position to the
tip of the final
position
t
r
v
avg
A
A
=
t
r
v
t
A
A
=
A
0
lim
dt
r d
=
The average
velocity has
the same
direction as
the displacement
Average and instantaneous acceleration
vectors
i f
i f
avg
t t
v v
t
v
a
=
A
A
=
t
v
a
t
A
A
=
A
0
lim
dt
v d
=
The average acceleration
has the same direction as
the variation in the velocity
1. Direction of the velocity changes,
but not its magnitude
2. Magnitude changes, but not the
direction
3. Both magnitude and direction change
2-d motion with constant acceleration
j y i x r
+ =
dt
j d
y j
dt
dy
dt
i d
x i
dt
dx
+ + + =
j
dt
dy
i
dt
dx
dt
r d
v
+ = =
j v i v
y x
+ =
x
y
a
i a
x
j a
y
t a v v
x xi x
+ =
t a v v
y yi y
+ =
( ) ( )j t a v i t a v v
y yi x xi
+ + + =
( ) ( )t j a i a j v i v
y x yi xi
+ + + =
i
v
t a v v
i
+ =
Same thing for the r=r(t) equation
2
2
1
t a t v x x
x ix i
+ + =
2
2
1
t a t v y y
y iy i
+ + =
i
2
2
1
t a t v r r
i i
+ + =
+
t a v v
i
+ =
Example
x
y
( )m/s
15
20 j i v
i
=
2
m/s
4i a =
i
v
4 20 + =
15
40 j i v =
m/s 15 40
2 2
+ = v
m/s 72 . 42 = v
Projectile motion
i i yi
v v u sin =
i i xi
v v u cos =
The movement in the y
direction is at constant
acceleration and in the x
direction is at constant
velocity
Movement in
the x direction:
i i xi x
v v v u cos = =
( )t v t v x x
i i xi i
u cos = + =
Movement in
the y direction:
gt v gt v v
i i yi y
= = u sin
( )
2 2
2
sin
2
1
t
g
t v gt t v y y
i i yi i
= + = u
i i
v
x
t
u cos
=
2
cos 2
tan
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
u
u
i
i
v
x g
x y
2
2 2
cos 2
tan x
v
g
x y
i i
i
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
u
u
Parabola!!
Horizontal range and maximum height
gt v v
i i y
= u sin
gt v
i i
= u sin 0
g
v
t
i i
A
u sin
=
( )
2
2
sin
A A i i
t
g
t v h = u
2
2 2 2 2
sin
2
sin
g
v g
g
v
h
i i i i
u u
=
g
v
i i
2
sin
2 2
u
=
( )
2
2
sin t
g
t v y y
i i i
+ = u
For what angle is it
going to be maximum?
2 t
Finding the range
( )t v x
i i
u cos =
A
t 2
( )
A i i
t v R 2 cosu = ( )
g
v
v
i i
i i
u
u
sin
2 cos =
g
v
R
i i i
u u cos sin 2
2
=
i i i
u u u cos sin 2 2 sin =
g
v
i i
u 2 sin
2
=
keeping the speed
constant, the maximum
range is obtained for:
45 =
i
u
1 2 sin =
i
u
Problem 3.12
20 =
i
u
s 0 = t
s 3 = t
g
? = x
( )t v x
i i
u cos =
m/s 8 =
i
v
i
v
x
y
3 20 cos 8 =
m 6 . 22 =
2
2
1
gt t v y y
yi i
+ + =
t v x x
ix i
+ =
? = y
( )
2
3 9 . 4 3 20 sin 8 + =
m 3 . 52 = y
2
9 . 4 7 . 2 10 t t + =
0 10 9 . 4 7 . 2
2
= + t t
s 18 . 1 = t
The particle in uniform circular motion
t
v
a
avg
A
A
=
As both triangles
are isosceles, they
are also similar
r
r
v
v
A
=
A
const. = = v v
The velocity
is always
tangential to
the circle
v
r
r
v
A
= A
t
r
r
v
a
avg
A
A
=
=
r
v
a a
c r
2
= =