Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
- Nilish Aggarwal
Until 1991, it was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (Turkmen SSR).
It possesses the world's fourth largest reserves of natural gas resources. Although it is wealthy in natural resources in certain areas, most of the country is covered by the Karakum (Black Sand) Desert.
ECONOMY
GDP (purchasing power parity) GDP - real growth rate
$49.75 billion (2012) $44.84 billion (2011) 11% (2012) 14.7% (2011) $8,900 (2012) $8,100 (2011 est) 14.6% of GDP (2012) 11.6% of GDP (2011) household consumption: 50% government consumption: 12.9% investment in fixed capital: 10.6% exports of goods and services: 62.7% imports of goods and services: -36.2% (2012) agriculture: 7.5% industry: 24.4% services: 68.1% (2012)
CONTD
Population below poverty line Labor force Unemployment rate Investment (gross fixed) Budget 30% (2004) 2.3 million (2008) 60% (2004) 10.6% of GDP (2012) revenues: $26.4 billion expditeurs: $26.9 billion (2012) 78.4% of GDP (2012) -1.5% of GDP (2012) 8.5% (2012) 12% (2011) cotton, grain, melons; livestock natural gas, oil, petroleum products, textiles, food processing 6.5% (2012) $1.496 billion (2012) $1.005 billion (2011)
Agriculture products
Industries Industrial production growth rate
CONTD
Exports
Exports commodities
Exports partners Imports Imports - commodities
Imports - partners
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold Debt - external
$15.4 billion (2012) $13.84 billion (2011) gas, crude oil, petrochemicals, textiles, cotton fiber China 66%, Ukraine 7%, Italy 4.5% (2012) $10.19 billion (2012) $9.368 billion (2011) machinery and equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs China 20.1%, Turkey 17.5%, Russia 13%, UAE 6.9%, Germany 4.8%, UK 4.4% (2012) $20.2 billion (31 December 2012) $18.9 billion (31 December 2011) $428.9 million (31 December 2012) $451.5 million (31 December 2011)
Trade Fairs
Cotton trade fair starts its work (23.11.2013) III International Cotton Trade Fair started its work Ashgabat. The organizers of the forum are the State Commodity and Raw Materials Exchange and the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Turkmenistan International Oil and Gas Forum in Ashgabat (20.11.2013) The International Exhibition "Oil and Gas of Turkmenistan - 2013" opened in the Exhibition Centre in Ashgabat. The forum is organized by the Ministry of Oil and Gas Industry and Mineral Resources of Turkmenistan and the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of our country. International conference on development of biotechnologies (22.11.2013) The International scientific conference "The Trends of Biotechnologies Development in Turkmenistan" started in the Avaza National tourist zone. The main goal of the forum is to make contribution into the study and introduction of the most advanced achievements in such spheres as biotechnology, bioengineering, bio-energy and bio-informatics and promote development of the international scientific and technological cooperation.
It is one of the driest deserts in the world, some places have an average annual precipitation of only 12 mm (0.47 in). The highest temperature recorded in Ashgabat is 48.0 C
Religion
Muslims: 89% of the population Followers of the Eastern Orthodox Church: 9% of the population Non-religious: 2% of the population
In an election on 11 February 2007, Berdimuhamedow was elected president with 89% of the vote and 95% turnout. He was sworn in on 14 February 2007.
President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow, repealed some of his processor's most idiosyncratic policies
banning opera and the circus increased basic education to ten years from nine years higher education had been extended from four years to five increased contacts with the West
head of state
President
head of government
New Constitution
abolition of the Council increase in the size of Parliament formation of multiple political parties
Human rights
Turkmenistan has been widely criticized for human rights abuses and has imposed severe restrictions on foreign travel for its citizens.
Turkmenistan had the 3rd worst press freedom conditions in the world, behind North Korea and Burma.