HUMAN FACTORS

ENGINEERING

BUILD THE JOB TO FIT THE HUMAN

System
 A system is defined as a set of
elements which are related by means
of the interaction with each other and
which collectively act together in
order to achieve an objective or
purpose
 Biomechanics is the study of
mechanics applied to biological
systems .It is a sub-discipline of
biophysics and biomedical
Engineering. It has 3 subdivisions
 Biostatics is the science of the
structure of living organization in
relation to the forces with which they
interact
 Bio-dynamics studies the nature of
and determinants of the movement
and associated forces of living
organisms .
 Bio-energetics is the study of the
energy transformation in living
organisms , it includes bio-
thermodynamcis
 Bio engineering is an interdisciplinary
engineering field that interfaces
engineering with biology . Biostatics ,
biodynamics , biosenergetics,
bioelectrics are the branches of
bioengineering
MODEL
 Bio-mathematical modeling is a
technique with which the human
engineer applies the physical
equation of engineering science to
describe the human technological
system
 Models are conventionally used for in-
animate systems
 Through HFE , we use in human
system models too
Types of models
 Deterministic
 Stochastic
 Lumped parameter
 Distributed parameter
 Discrete
 Continuous
 All human beings are not alike ,
human factors engineering models
must account for biological variability.
Static’s of Rigid bodies
 Assumption :

 Bodies are considered as rigid -

 There is practically no motion
involved
 rigid body statics
 External forces are completely
responsible for the external behavior
of the rigid body , we shall consider
only the external forces.
 Internal forces are those inside the
rigid body that holds the constituent
particles together
 Is our body rigid ?

 No , but for the sake of simplicity ,

we consider it as a rigid body.
Newton’s law
 Newton’s law - 3 fundamental laws -
17 th century

 Is used in the analysis of all bodies

from subatomic particles to cosmic
systems
 When the resultant forces acting upon
the particles is zero , the particles
will remain at rest.
 According to first law , a body is said
to be in translational equilibrium if
the net external forces acting upon it
equals to zero
Procedure for analysis of the forces
and moments on a rigid body
 Draw the FBD ( free body diagram )
of the system and indicate all the
known and unknown external forces
in it .
 Establish x & y coordinate system .
Resolve all external forces into their
components along the orthogonal
axes.
 For each FBD apply the conditions of
static equilibrium and rotational
equilibrium
 Solve the above equations
simultaneously for the unknown
parameters
Bio-static mechanical model
 Input :
A specific HFE application is stated
which requires analysis.

 Modeling and Analysis :

A approximate and analytic model of
the system is formulated.
Assessment & interpretation

 What does the answer mean

 What useful information does it
provide
 Can we satisfy a system specification
 Do we need more/different
measurement