Risdawati Butarbutar, ST - SMAN2 Soposurung Balige

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Risdawati Butarbutar, ST
- SMAN2 Soposurung
Balige
Electrostatics
PROPERTIES OF ELECTRIC
CHARGES
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 Two kinds of charges occur in nature, with

the property that unlike charges attract
one another and like charges repel one
another. [Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790)]
 Charge is conserved  when one object is
rubbed against another, charge is not
created in the process. The electrified
state is due to a transfer of charge from
one object to the other. [Benjamin Franklin (1706–
1790)]
 Charge is quantized  electric charge
always occurs as some integral multiple of
a fundamental amount of charge e ( q = n
Risdawati Butarbutar, ST - SMAN2 Soposurung Balige
COULOMB’S LAW
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 Coulomb’s experiments showed that

the electric force between two
stationary charged particles
 is inversely proportional to the square
of the separation r between the

particles and directed along the line
joining them;
 is proportional to the product of the
charges q1 and q2 on the two

particles;
 is attractive if the charges are of
opposite sign and repulsive if the

Coulomb’s law  the magnitude of the electric
force (sometimes called the Coulomb force)
between two point charges:
k : Coulomb constant (8.987 x 109

Nm2/C2 )
q : charge ( Coulomb )
r : separation distance ( m )
Risdawati Butarbutar, ST - SMAN2 Soposurung Balige 4

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- SMAN2 Soposurung
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Example :
 1. The electron and proton of a
hydrogen atom are separated (on
the average) by a distance of
-11
approximately 5.3 x 10 m. Find
the magnitudes of the electric
force and the gravitational force
between the two particles.
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- SMAN2 Soposurung
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 2. Consider three point

charges located at the
corners of a right
triangle as shown in
figure, where q1 = q3 =
5μC, q2 = -2μC and
the perpendicular side
is 0.10 m. Find the
resultant force exerted
on q3 .
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Exercise :
- SMAN2 Soposurung
Balige
 1. Consider two conducting balls both of mass m and

equal charge q suspended by nonconducting cords
of equal length, l as shown in Figure below. How
does the separation of the balls depend on charge,
mass, and length?
•
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 2. In the Bohr theory of the hydrogen

atom, an electron moves in a circular
orbit about a proton, where the radius
-10
of the orbit is 0.529 x 10 m
(a) Find the electric force between
the two.
(b) If this force causes the centripetal
acceleration of the electron, what

is the speed of the electron?
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- SMAN2 Soposurung
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 3. A long, nonconducting, masslessrod of

length L, pivoted at its center and
balanced with a block of weight W at a
distance x from the left end. At the left and
right ends of the rod are attached small
conducting spheres with positive charges q
and 2q, respectively. A distance h directly
each of these spheres is a fixed sphere
with positive charge q.
a.Find the distance x when the rod is
horizontal and balanced
b.What value should h have so that the rod
exerts no vertical force on a bearing
when the rod is horizontal and
balanced
4. Three point charges lie along the x
axis. The positive charge q1 = 15.0 C
is at x = 2.00 m, the positive charge
q2 = 6.00 C is at the origin, and the
resultant force acting on negative
charge q3 = 9.00 C is zero. What is
the x coordinate of q3?
5. Dua buah bola kecil bermuatan
sejenis 2μC dan berada pada jarak
20 cm satu sama lain, digantung
pada tali sutra ( tidak
menghantarkan listrik ) sehingga
o
terbentuk sudut 74 antar kedua tali.
Risdawati Butarbutar, ST - SMAN2 Soposurung Balige 10
THE ELECTRIC FIELD
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 electric field is said to exist in the region

of space around a charged object.

 Electric field lines extend – dihasilkan

away from positive charge ( where they
originate - berasal ) and toward
negative ( where they terminate -
berakhir )

 the electric field E at a point in space is
defined as the electric force Fe acting on
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a positive test charge q0 placed at that
point divided by the magnitude of the
test charge:

 or

 At any point P, the total electric field due to

a group of charges equals the vector sum
of the electric fields of the individual
charges.

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Example :
1. A charge q1 =7.0 C is

located at the origin, and a

second charge q2 = 5.0 C is
located on the x axis, 0.30
m from the origin. Find the
electric field at the point P,
which has coordinates (0,
0.40) m.
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
2. Sebuah partikel bermuatan 5μC dan bermassa 1
mg terapung bebas dalam medan listrik yang
ditimbulkan oleh dua pelat bermuatan, seperti
terlihat pada gambar. Tentukanlah kuat medan
listrik yang mempengaruhi partikel tersebut.
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- SMAN2 Soposurung
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3. Pada titik-titik sudut B


dan D sebuah persegi

ABCD masing-masing
diletakkan sebuah
partikel bermuatan +q.
Agar kuat medan listrik
di titik A nol, maka di
TIPS :
Letak titik P yang kuat medan listrik
nol jika berada di sekitar dua
benda bermuatan dapat diketahui
dengan ketentuan :
Jika muatan sejenis  titik P
pasti berada diantara kedua
muatan
Jika muatan berbeda  titik P
pasti di luar kedua muatan dan
dekat muatan terkecil.
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ELECTRIC FLUX
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• Is the product of the magnitude of the electric

field E and surface area A perpendicular to
the field (ΦE )
 ΦE = EA 2
( ΦE : Nm /C )
• Electric flux is proportional to the number of
electric field lines penetrating some surface.
• Exampl
• eWhat
: is the electric flux through a sphere
that has a radius of 1.00 m and carries a charge
of +1.00 μC at its center?

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- SMAN2 Soposurung
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• If the surface under consideration is not perpendicular

to the field

•The electric flux equation : ΦE = EA’
ΦE = EA cosθ
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1)θ < 90  Φ1 = EA cosθ ( positive)

2)θ = 90  Φ2 = 0
3)180 > θ > 90  Φ3= EA cosθ
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GAUSS’S LAW
- SMAN2 Soposurung
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• “The number of electric field lines that

penetrate a closed surface is proportional to
the amount of electric charge covered by the
closed surface”
• Mathematically :
εo: air ( vacuum ) permittivity ( 8.85 x 10-12

C2/Nm2 )
electrical storage ability: the measure
of the ability of a nonconducting material to
retain electric energy when placed in an
electric field.
The application of Gauss’s
Law
the electric field due to a point charge
A point charge is assume as a

sphere
 So that,

 because

 Then,
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The Electric Field Due to a Thin Spherical Shell
 A thin spherical shell of radius a has a total

charge q distributed uniformly over its surface

The electric field at points inside the shell ( r < a
)
 zero, because of the spherical symmetry of 22
the charge distribution and because the net
charge inside the Gaussian surface is zero
The electric field at points on the surface the
shell
 we can assume as a point charge with radius a.
σ : charge density

( C/m2 )
The electric field at points outside the shell
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A Spherically Symmetric Charge Distribution
 A solid sphere of radius a has a uniform
volume charge density ρ and carries a total
positive charge q

(a)Determine the magnitude of the electric
field at a point outside the sphere.
(b)Find the magnitude of the electric field at a
point inside the sphere.

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A Nonconducting Plane of Charge
 Find the electric field due to a

nonconducting, infinite plane of positive
charge with uniform surface charge

density σ.

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A Cylindrically Symmetric Charge Distribution
 Find the electric field a distance r from

a line of positive charge of infinite
length and constant charge per unit

length λ.

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Risdawati Butarbutar, ST - SMAN2 Soposurung Balige

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1

 Two kinds of charges occur in nature, with

 Coulomb’s experiments showed that

of the separation r between the

charges q1 and q2 on the two

opposite sign and repulsive if the

k : Coulomb constant (8.987 x 109