Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
10TH EDITION By Robert Feldman Powerpoint slides by Kimberly Foreman Revised for 10th Ed by Cathleen Hunt
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CHAPTER
TWELVE: DEVELOPMENT
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do psychologists study the degree to which development is an interaction of hereditary and environmental factors?
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Developmental Psychology
Study
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Identical
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point in time
Differences among groups of people
Research
approaches by taking a number of different age groups and examining them at several points in time
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birth?
What
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Period
Period
Period
Fetus Week 8 until birth Age of viability Point at which it can survive if born prematurely
About prenatal age 22 weeks Sensitive periods (critical periods)
Preterm Infants Born before week 38 At higher risk for illness, future problems, and death
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Tay-Sachs disease
Down Syndrome
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Environmental Influences
Teratogens Mothers nutrition Mothers illness Mothers emotional state Mothers use of drugs Alcohol
Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) Fetal alcohol effects (FAE)
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Nicotine use
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Gamete Zygote
Surrogate mother
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are the major competencies of newborns? are the milestones of physical and social development during childhood?
does cognitive development proceed during childhood?
What
How
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strange appearance
Lanugo
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World
Visual abilities grow rapidly after birth
Habituation Decrease in the response to a stimulus that occurs after repeated presentations of the same stimulus Distinguishing sounds Native vs. foreign language Distinguishing taste and smell 21
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Physical Development
During first year of life
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the World
Attachment The positive emotional bond that develops between a child and a particular individual Konrad Lorenz Imprinting Harry Harlows study on attachment Wire monkey versus cloth monkey
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Fathers Role
their children has grown significantly Nature of attachment to children can be similar to that of mothers
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behavior and develop the capacity to respond appropriately Helps children learn physical and emotional selfcontrol
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Home
High-quality care centers can positively impact child Low-quality child care provides little or no gain and may even hinder development
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Social Development
Authoritarian Permissive Authoritative Uninvolved
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Preoperational stage
2 to 7 years of age Egocentric thought Principle of conservation
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information
Metacognition An awareness and understanding of ones own cognitive processes
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of social interactions in which children work with others to jointly solve problems
Zone of proximal development (ZPD)
Level at which a child can almost, but not fully, comprehend or perform a task on his or her own
Scaffolding
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adulthood
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Period at which
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Myth or Reality?
fraught with stress and unhappiness as once thought, but nevertheless does have some strife
Adolescent egocentrism
State of self-absorption in which a teenager views the world from his own point of view
Personal fables
Belief that ones experience is unique, exceptional, and shared by no one else
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Suicide
are the principal kinds of physical, social, and intellectual changes that occur in early and middle adulthood, and what are their causes?
does the reality of late adulthood differ from the stereotypes about that period? can we adjust to death?
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How
How
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fertile
Hormone therapy (HT) is controversial
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Midlife
lives
Midlife crisis
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in marriage and divorce trends have doubled the number of single-parent households in the United States over the last two decades
and emotional consequences for the single-parent households
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Economic
Second Shift
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to their reproduction
Wear-and-Tear
Theories of Aging
intelligence
adulthood
Crystallized
intelligence
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Adjusting to Death
Elisabeth
Kbler-Ross
Five Stages of Facing Impending Death Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance
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