Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Huang Ho River
Shang Dynasty1766-1050
First historical dynasty. Development of Writing Bronze age civilization along Huang Ho Reading of oracle bones Emergence of Tien conceptheaven where God and ancestors dwelled.
Chou Dynasty1050-221 B. C. E.
Development of Tien Ming or Mandate of Heaven Myth of Legitimacyhow to justify overthrowing of Shang Central authority weakened in Spring and Autumn periods771-401 b. c. e.and collapse of order in Period of Warring States 401-256 B. C. E. Ironic contribution of Chou dynasty was providing incentive to develop classical philosophy in China.
Confucianism
Kung Fu-tzu (Confucius) 551 B. C. E.-479 B. C. E. Public order comes from jen or humane behavior between people. Superiors should govern well Inferiors should obey Shureciprocity and chungdoing ones best
Taoism
Based on ideas of Lao Tzu Taothe way of heavenunity Balance of yang (malenesscold, heaven) and yin (femaleness, warm, earth) Government should guide people, not rule them.
Legalism
Founded by Hsun Tzu (298-238 B. C. E.) People are evil and must be controlled through harsh laws. Reward good deeds, punish bad deeds severely. Utilitarianismmeant that government would encourage agriculture over other pursuits Rule of Lawlaw is supremeand law is standard in entire real (two ideas that persist in Chinese state)
Officially legalist Standardized form of govt. Ended period of warring states Began Great Wall of China Extended Chinas boundaries to the south
Sung (960-1279)
Emperors power restored Confucian bureaucrats pre-eminent Wang An-shih (1068-85)new laws maximum prices on grain; tax equity; nonnobles could take Confucian exams. (Greatest example of Confucian Scholar Bureaucrat) Neo-Confucianism
Ming (1369-1644)
Chinese cultural superiority Great porcelain ware Later Ming rulers were decadent and China began to lose its cultural superiority. Confucianism becomes rigid and less a guide to practical and effective governing.
Ming Vase