Database Recovery

Copyright 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Objectives

User man. RMAN CLI EM Complete Incomplete Control file RO TBS

After completing this lesson, you should be able to: Perform complete or incomplete user-managed recovery Identify situations where incomplete recovery is necessary Perform complete or incomplete recovery by using RMAN Perform incomplete recovery based on time, SCN, log sequence, restore points, or the cancel method Recover an automatically backed up control file Use Enterprise Manage to perform recovery Recover read-only tablespaces
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Copyright 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Recovery Methods

There are two methods for performing recovery: User-managed recovery

Files must be maintained and moved into place manually. Use SQL*Plus commands.

RMAN recovery
Files are managed automatically. Use RMAN functionality including all repository maintenance and reporting capabilities. This can be done by using Enterprise Manager. Oracle Corporation recommends using this method.

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Copyright 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

User-Managed Recovery: RECOVER Command

Restore all database files from a backup and then recover the database:

SQL> RECOVER DATABASE

Restore the damaged data files from a backup and then recover the data files:

SQL> RECOVER TABLESPACE index_tbs

Or:
SQL> RECOVER DATAFILE 2> '/oradata/indx01.dbf'

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RMAN Recovery: RESTORE and RECOVER Commands

User man. > RMAN CLI EM Complete Incomplete Control file RO TBS

run{ sql "ALTER TABLESPACE inv_tbs OFFLINE IMMEDIATE"; RESTORE TABLESPACE inv_tbs; RECOVER TABLESPACE inv_tbs DELETE ARCHIVELOG; sql "ALTER TABLESPACE inv_tbs ONLINE"; }

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Recovery Using Enterprise Manager

User man. RMAN CLI > EM Complete Incomplete Control file RO TBS

With the Enterprise Manager Recovery Wizard, you can create and run an RMAN script to perform the recovery.

RMAN> RECOVER DATABASE

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Complete Versus Incomplete Recovery

There are two types of recovery: Complete recovery brings the database up to the present, including all data changes made to the point in time when the recovery was requested.
Complete recovery Incomplete recovery Restore from this backup Missing transactions after incomplete recovery Recovery task started at this time

Incomplete recovery brings the database up to a specified point in time in the past, before the recovery operation was requested.
Copyright 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

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Complete Recovery
Archived log Archived log Online Redo log Changes applied Database opened

User man. RMAN CLI EM > Complete Incomplete Control file RO TBS

Undo applied

4 1
Restored data files

3
Data files containing committed and uncommitted transactions
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6
Recovered data files

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Incomplete Recovery
Archived log Archived log Online Redo log

User man. RMAN CLI EM Complete > Incomplete Control file RO TBS

Changes applied to point in time (PIT)

Database opened

Undo applied

4 1
Restored data files from as far back as necessary

5 6
PIT-recovered data files

3
Data files containing committed and uncommitted Transactions up to PIT
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Situations Requiring Incomplete Recovery

Complete recovery fails because of a missing archived log file. One or more unarchived redo log files and a data file are lost. A backup of the control file is used to open or recover the database.

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Types of Incomplete Recovery

There are four types of incomplete recovery: Time-based recovery Cancel-based recovery Change-based recovery Log sequence recovery

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Performing User-Managed Incomplete Recovery

Recover a database until time:

SQL> RECOVER DATABASE UNTIL 2 TIME '2005-12-14:12:10:03';

Recover a database until cancel:

SQL> RECOVER DATABASE UNTIL CANCEL;

Recover using the backup control file:

SQL> RECOVER DATABASE 2 UNTIL TIME '2005-12-14:12:10:03' 3 USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE;

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Performing User-Managed Incomplete Recovery

To perform user-managed incomplete recovery, follow these steps: 1. Shut down the database. 2. Restore data files. 3. Mount the database. 4. Recover the database. 5. Open the database with the RESETLOGS option.

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User-Managed Time-Based Recovery: Example

This is the scenario: A job ran in error, and its effects have to be undone. This happened 15 minutes ago, and there has been little database activity since then. You decide to perform incomplete recovery to restore the database back to its state as of 15 minutes ago.
SQL> $ cp SQL> SQL> SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE /BACKUP/* /u01/db01/ORADATA STARTUP MOUNT RECOVER DATABASE UNTIL TIME '2005-11-28:11:44:00'; ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS;

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User-Managed Cancel-Based Recovery: Example

The scenario is the same as the one for the time-based example, except for these findings: Redo logs are not multiplexed. One of the online redo logs is missing. The missing redo log is not archived. The redo log contained information from 11:34 a.m. Twenty-six minutes of data are lost. Users can reenter their data manually.

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Copyright 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

User-Managed Cancel-Based Recovery: Example

Recover the database as follows: 1. Shut down the database. 2. Restore all data files from the most recent backup. 3. You already have a valid backup, so mount the database. 4. Execute RECOVER DATABASE UNTIL CANCEL. 5. Execute ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS to open the database.

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Performing Incomplete Recovery by Using RMAN

1. 2. 3. 4. Mount the database. Allocate multiple channels for parallelization. Restore all data files. Recover the database by using UNTIL TIME, UNTIL SEQUENCE, or UNTIL SCN. 5. Open the database by using RESETLOGS.

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Time-Based Recovery Using RMAN: Example

RMAN> 2> 3> 4> 5> RUN { SET UNTIL TIME = '2005-11-28:11:44:00'; RESTORE DATABASE; RECOVER DATABASE; ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS; }

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Log Sequence Recovery Using RMAN: Example

RMAN> 2> 3> 4> 5> 6> 7> RUN { SET UNTIL SEQUENCE 120 THREAD 1; ALTER DATABASE MOUNT; RESTORE DATABASE; RECOVER DATABASE; # recovers through log 119 ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS; }

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Incomplete Recovery Using Enterprise Manager

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Incomplete Recovery and the Alert Log

The following are some best practices regarding the alert log in incomplete recovery scenarios: Check the alert log before and after recovery. Look for error information, hints, and SCNs. Confirm that steps in the recovery process were successful.

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Copyright 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Restore Points

A restore point: Serves as an alias for an SCN or a specific point in time Is stored in the control file Can be used with:
RECOVER DATABASE FLASHBACK DATABASE FLASHBACK TABLE

before_load

1 2
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SQL> CREATE RESTORE POINT before_load;

RMAN> RECOVER DATABASE UNTIL RESTORE POINT before_load;

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Incomplete Recovery: Best Practices

Plan for and practice scenarios ahead of time. Investigate and verify that incomplete recovery is necessary. Follow all steps carefully. Take whole database backups before and after recovery. Always verify that the recovery was successful. Take advantage of restore points.

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Recovering a Control File Autobackup

RMAN> RESTORE CONTROLFILE TO 2> '/oradata/ctlfile.bak' FROM AUTOBACKUP; Recovery Manager (RMAN)

User man. RMAN CLI EM Complete Incomplete > Control file RO TBS

Flash recovery area RECOVER DATABASE; ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS;

Control file Database

ALTER TABLESPACE temp ADD TEMPFILE...;

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Creating a New Control File

SYSTEM

USERS

Parameter file
SYSAUX INDEX

Redo log file 1A

Redo log file 1B

Password file
UNDO TEMP

Redo log Redo log file 2A file 2B Control files

SQL> ALTER DATABASE BACKUP CONTROLFILE TO TRACE;

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Creating a New Control File

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*
Case 1

Recovering Read-Only Tablespaces

Read-only

User man. RMAN CLI EM Complete Incomplete Control file > RO TBS

*
Case 2 Read-only Read/write

*
Case 3 Read/write Read-only
Control file * backup to be

Backup

Change Tablespace State

Crash and perform recovery

used for recovery if current one lost

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Read-Only Tablespace Recovery Issues

Special considerations must be taken for read-only tablespaces when: Re-creating a control file Renaming data files Using a backup control file

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Copyright 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Summary

In this lesson, you should have learned how to: Perform complete or incomplete user-managed recovery Perform complete or incomplete recovery by using RMAN Identify situations where incomplete recovery is necessary Perform incomplete recovery based on time, SCN, log sequence, restore points, or the cancel method Recover a control file autobackup Use Enterprise Manage to perform recovery Recover read-only tablespaces
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Copyright 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Practice Overview: Performing Incomplete Recovery

This practice covers the following topics: Point-in-time recovery using RMAN Recovery from the loss of control files

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Copyright 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.