Presented to

Team Versus Group

Fundamentals of Group Behavior

Group

two or more freely interacting people with shared norms and goals and a common identity

9-1

Group Development Process

Stage 1: Forming Group members tend to be uncertain and anxious about their roles, the people in charge and the groups goals Mutual trust is low

9-2

Group Development Process

Stage 2: Storming Time of testing Individuals try to determine how they fit into the power structure Procrastination may occur

9-3

Group Development Process

Stage 3: Norming Questions about authority and power are resolved through unemotional, matter-of-fact group discussion Group cohesiveness

a we feeling binding group members together

9-4

Group Development Process

Stage 4: Performing Activity focused on solving task problems Climate of open communication, strong cooperation, and lots of helping behavior

9-5

Group Development Process

Stage 5: Adjourning Work is done Time to move on to other things

9-6

Security

Status

SelfEsteem

What Makes People Join Groups?

Affiliation

Power
Prentice Hall, 2000 Chapter 7

Goal Achievement
7

Group Tasks

Decision-making

Large groups facilitate the pooling of information about complex tasks.

Smaller groups are better suited to coordinating and facilitating the implementation of complex tasks. Simple, routine standardized tasks reduce the requirement that group processes be effective in order for the group to perform well.

Group Decision Making

Strengths

Weaknesses

More complete information Increased diversity of views Higher quality of decisions (more accuracy) Increased acceptance of solutions

More time consuming (slower) Increased pressure to conform Domination by one or a few members Ambiguous responsibility

Group Decision Making

Groupthink
Phenomenon in which the norm for consensus overrides (to set aside) the realistic appraisal of alternative course of action. a form of conformity to opinion of majority & not listening to the minority or unpopular views

Group shift A change in decision risk between the groups decision and the individual decision that member within the group would make; can be either toward conservatism or greater risk.

Symptoms Of The Groupthink Phenomenon

Group members rationalize any resistance to the assumptions they have made.
Members apply direct pressures on those who express doubts about shared views or who question the alternative favored by the majority. Members who have doubts or differing point of views keep silent about misgivings (doubts).

There appears to be an illusion (false impression) of unanimity (agreement).

Group Decision-Making Techniques

Interacting Groups
Typical groups, in which the members interact with each other face-to-face.

Nominal Group Technique

A group decision-making method in which individual members meet face-to-face to pool their judgments in a systematic but independent fashion.they are presented with a problem. They write ideas on it independently then each member share ideas one by one until all ideas have been presented. no discussion starts until all ideas have been presented

Group Decision-Making Techniques

Brainstorming
An idea-generation process that specifically encourages any and all alternatives, while withholding any criticism of those alternatives.

Electronic Meeting
A meeting in which members interact on computers, allowing for anonymity (secrecy) of comments and aggregation of votes.

Conflict management
Conflict Perceived incompatible differences that result in interference or opposition Traditional view All conflict is bad & must be avoided Interactionist view View that some conflict is necessary for a group to perform effectively

Types of conflict
Functional conflicts Conflict that supports a groups goal & improve its performance Dysfunctional conflicts Conflict that prevents a group from achieving its goals Task conflict Over contents & goals of the work Relationship conflict Based on interpersonal relationships Process conflict Conflict over how works get done

Conflict resolution techniques

Avoiding
Resolving conflict by withdrawing from or suppressing them

Accomodating
Resolving conflict by placing anothers needs & concerns above your own

Compromising
Resolving conflict by each party giving up something of value

Collaborating
Resolving conflict by seeking an advantageous solution for all parties

Forcing
Resolving conflict by satisfying ones own needs at the expense of anothers

TEAMS
TEAM Stands for.

Together Everyone to
Achieve More

What is Team?
Briefly, Team can be defined as:

small group with complementary skills who hold themselves mutually accountable for common purpose.
Teams are more flexible and responsive to changes.
Teams facilitate employee involvement.

Benefit of Team Formation:

Teams are an effective way to democratize and increase motivation.

Team increase performance.

Requirements of a Team

General Advice for Team Building:

Be patient and kind with your team.

Fix the problem instead of blaming people.

Establish regular, effective meetings. Limit the size of work teams to three to seven members. Nurtures team members and encourage them to help each other.

Team Versus Group: Whats the Difference

Work Group A group that interacts primarily to share information and to make decisions to help each group member perform within his or her area of responsibility. Work Team A group whose individual efforts result in a performance that is greater than the sum of the individual inputs.

Comparing Work Groups and Work Teams

categories of teams
Purpose teams e.g. product development, problem solving Structure supervised v/s self-managed Membership Functional v/s cross-functional Duration Permanent v/s temporary

Types of Teams
Problem-Solving Teams Groups of 5 to 12 employees from the same department who meet for a few hours each week to discuss ways of improving quality, efficiency, and the work environment. Self-Managed Work Teams

Groups of 10 to 15 people who take on the responsibilities of their former supervisors.

Types of Teams (contd)

Cross-Functional Teams

Employees from about the same hierarchical level, but from different work areas, who come together to accomplish a task.

Task forces Committees

Types of Teams (contd)

Virtual Teams

Teams that use computer technology to tie together physically dispersed members in order to achieve a common goal.

A TeamEffectiveness Model

Creating Effective Teams

Creating Effective Teams (contd)

Key Roles of Teams

Creating Effective Teams (contd)

Creating Effective Teams (contd)

Effects of Group Processes

+ =

Creating Effective Teams: Diversity

Group Demography
The degree to which members of a group share a common demographic attribute, such as age, sex, race, educational level, or length of service in the organization, and the impact of this attribute on turnover.

Cohorts Individuals who, as part of a group, hold a common attribute.

Turning Individuals Into Team Players

The Challenges

Overcoming individual resistance to team membership. so that individual consider himself to be a part of team not as an individual only Countering the influence of individualistic cultures. Introducing teams in an organization that has historically valued individual achievement.

Shaping Team Players

Selecting employees who can fulfill their team roles. Training employees to become team players. Reworking the reward system to encourage cooperative efforts while continuing to recognize individual contributions.

Teams and Quality Management

Team Effectiveness and Quality Management Requires That Teams:

1. 2.

Are small enough to be efficient and effective. Are properly trained in required skills.

3.
4.

Allocated enough time to work on problems.

Are given authority to resolve problems and take corrective action.

5.

Have a designated champion to call on when needed.

Beware: Teams Arent Always the Answer

Three tests to see if a team fits the situation:

Is the work complex and is there a need for different perspectives? diversity of opinion)
Does the work create a common purpose or set of goals for the group that is larger than the aggregate of the goals for individuals?(synergy) Are members of the group involved in interdependent tasks?

Thanks.