Human Body Systems

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Levels of Organization in the Body

Cells Tissues

Epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous Examples include stomach, liver, heart Examples include digestive and circulatory systems

Organs

Organ Systems

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Tissues in the Human Body

Epithelial

Covering or lining tissue

Blood

Connective

oins, stores and supports "nternal and external movement Conducts electrical signals
Nerve

!uscle

Muscle

#erve

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Human Organ Systems

S$eletal Circulatory %espiratory Excretory #ervous "ntegumentary !uscular "mmune &igestive %eproductive Endocrine

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Human S$eletal System

'unctions

'rame(or$ and support )rotection Storage

*xial and appendicular s$eleton Bone structure oints and ligaments

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Human S$eleton &iagram

Skull

Scapula Humerus Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges

Clavicle Sternum Ribs

Pelvis Femur Patella

Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges Phalanges

Tibia

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Compact Bone Tissue

Haversian system

lood vessels Osteocyte

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Human !uscular System

'unctions

!ovement +armth )osture *,ility to contract *,ility to ,e stretched *,ility to respond to a stimulus S$eletal Smooth Cardiac

!uscle )roperties

!uscle Types

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Human !uscular System &iagram

!eltoid Pectoralis ma"or iceps brachi

#luteus ma$imus Rectus %emoris

#astrocnemius

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Three Types of Human !uscle Tissue

Skeletal

Smooth

Cardiac

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S$eletal !uscle Contraction

Myosin Actin

Sarcomere

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Human Circulatory System

Transports nutrients, gases, (astes, (ater, and hormones and also distri,utes heat Structures of circulatory system

Heart -essels Blood

Lymphatic system
Erythrocytes White blood cells

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&iagram of Human Heart

&orta Superior vena cava Pulmonary artery Right atrium Tricuspid (alve 'e%t (entricle Right (entricle
Anterior view

'e%t atrium Mitral (alve

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Human "mmune System

#onspecific defense responses

S$in and mucous mem,ranes "nflammatory response Temperature )roteins +hite ,lood cells Humoral immunity Cell.mediated immunity

Specific immune responses

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&isease )revention in Humans

"dentifying )athogens . /och0s )ostulates -accination . Ed(ard enner &isorders

*llergies *utoimmune disease *c1uired "mmune &eficiency Syndrome

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Human %espiratory System

%espiration is gas exchange ,et(een an organism and the environment %espiratory structures include the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, ,ronchi, ,ronchioles and alveoli !echanics of Breathing %espiratory &iseases
Exhalation

Inhalation

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Human %espiratory System &iagram

)asal Passage Pharyn$ 'aryn$ Trachea

ronchioles

ronchus

&lveoli

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Human &igestive System

&igestion is the ,rea$do(n of nutrients to a level that can ,e used ,y cells of the ,ody2 Structures

3" tract 4mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine5 *ccessory 4teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gall ,ladder, pancreas5

#utrition

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Human &igestive System &iagram

Mouth

Pharyn$

+sophagus 'iver Stomach 'arge *ntestine Small *ntestine (illi

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Human Excretory System

Excretion is the removal of meta,olic (astes from the ,ody, including toxic chemicals, excess (ater, car,on dioxide and salts2 Excretory Organs

S$in Lungs /idneys

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Human 6rinary System &iagram

)ephron
,idney

,idney
Ureter Urinary ladder Urethra

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Human %eproductive System

)roduces gametes 4eggs and sperm5 'ertilization 7 produce zygote !ale %eproductive System

Testes Epididymus, vas deferens, urethra, seminal vesicle, prostate gland, Co(per0s gland Ovary 'allopian tu,es, uterus, vagina

'emale %eproductive System

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Human !ale %eproductive System

Urinary bladder (as de%erens Prostate gland Seminal vesicle +pididymus

Urethra Penis

Testis

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Human 'emale %eproductive System

Fallopian tube Uterus Urinary bladder (agina Anterior View
Sagittal View

Fallopian tube Ovary

Uterus (agina

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Human Endocrine System

The endocrine system consists of ductless glands that produce hormones2

Hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal, pancreas, ovary, testes

Hormones are chemical messengers that travel through the ,lood stream and affect activities throughout the ,ody2

Steroid hormones #onsteroid hormones

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Human Endocrine System &iagram

Hypothalamus and Pituitary gland hyroid and Parathyroid glands

hymus

Adrenal gland

Pancreas O!ary

estis

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Human #ervous System

Controls and coordinates functions throughout the ,ody #eurons are specialized cells that transmit impulses throughout the ,ody2 #ervous System

Central #ervous System )eripheral #ervous System

Somatic *utonomic

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Human #euron &iagram

"endrite

$ell body Myelin sheath

A#on

%ode o& 'an!ier A#on terminals

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&iagram of Human Brain

$erebrum

$orpus callosum halamus Hypothalamus

Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata Spinal cord

$erebellum

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Human "ntegumentary System

Consists of the s$in, hair, and nails S$in

Epidermis &ermis

Su,cutaneous tissue Hair and nails

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Homeostasis8 %egulating the "nternal Environment

* controlled, sta,le internal environment 3ains and losses must ,alance Control systems

%eceptor, control center, effector 'eed,ac$ loops

#egative feed,ac$ )ositive feed,ac$

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Than$ 9ou

This concludes a ,rief revie( of the human ,ody systems2 9ou may find additional information on this section of &omain "-, The &iversity of Life, in the expanded content tal$s, and in the notes attached to each slide in the li,rary2

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