Owa324010 Wcdma Hsdpa Ran12 Principles Issue1.00

WCDMA HSDPA Principles
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
References
3GPP Release 6 Specification References

TS 25.308 HSDPA overall description stage2 TS 25.211 Physical channel and mapping of transport channels onto physical channel (FDD) TS 25.212 Multiplexing and channel coding (FDD) TS 25.213 Spreading and modulation (FDD) TS 25.214 Physical layer procedure (FDD) TS 25.306 UE radio access capabilities TS 25.321 Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol specification TS 25.322 Radio Link Control (RLC) protocol specification TS 25.331 Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol specification
Page2
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
Define HSDPA protocol stack Describe new channels for HSDPA Explain the physical channel processing HSDPA impact on protocol stack Identify HSDPA UE categories Define HSDPA protocols of Mac sub-layer
Page3
Contents
1. HSDPA Introduction 2. HSDPA Key Techniques 3. HSDPA Physical Layer Channel 4. HSDPA Layer2 Protocol
Page4
WCDMA Evolution
GSM GPRS WCDMA R99 HSDPA R5 HSUPA R6
EDGE
Downlink Peak Data Rate (Typical Deployment) GSM GPRS EDGE R99 WCDMA HSDPA 9.6kbps 40kbps 120kbps 384kbps 10.0Mbps
Downlink Peak Data Rate (Theoretical Maximum) 9.6kbps 171kbps 473kbps 2.0Mbps 14.4Mbps
Page5
High Speed Downlink Packet Access
What are the benefits of HSDPA
Higher Data Rates
Peak data rate up to 14Mbps per user
Higher Capacity
More subscribers and throughput
Further reduces the cost per megabyte
Richer Application
Low latency improvement for streaming ,interactive, background
applications
Page6
Release 99 Packet Data
How is Packet Data handled in Release 99 (FDD) ?
DCH ( Dedicated Channel )
Spreading codes assigned per user Closed loop power control Soft handover
Node B
FACH ( Common Channel )
Common Spreading code No closed loop power control No soft handover

Node B
Page7
Release 99 Downlink Limitation
Dedicated Channel Features ( DCH )
Maximum implemented downlink of 384kbps
OVSF code limitation for high data rate users

Rate change according to burst throughput is slow Outer loop power control responds slowly to channel
Common Channel Features ( FACH )
Good for burst data application Only low data rates supported Fixed transmit power
Page8
The differences between HSDPA and R99
Set of high data rate channel Channels are shared by multiple users Each user may be assigned all or part of the resource every 2ms
Big shared pipe Code multiplexing for HSDPA
Node B HSDPA user#1 HSDPA user#2 HSDPA user#3 HSDPA user#4 2ms
a set of HS-PDSCHs
Page9
How will HSDPA figure out the limitations of R99
Adaptive modulation and coding
Fast feedback of Channel condition

QPSK and16QAM Channel coding rate from 1/3 to 1
Multi-code operation
Multiple codes allocated per user Fixed spreading factor
NodeB fast Scheduling
Physical Layer HARQ ( Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest )
Page10
Comparison Summary
Mode Channel Type Power Control Soft Handover Suitability for Bursty Data Rate DCH
Dedicated
Closed Inner Loop at 1500Hz & Closed Outer Loop Supported Poor Medium
FACH
Shared
No Not Supported Good Low
HSDPA
Shared
Fixed Power with link adaptation Not Supported Good High
Page11
Contents
1. HSDPA Introduction 2. HSDPA Key Techniques 3. HSDPA Physical Layer Channels 4. HSDPA Layer2 Protocol
Page12
HSDPA Key Techniques

Block 1 Block 1 Block 2
Block 1?
Block 1 + Block 1?
AMC (Adaptive Modulation & Coding) Data rate adapted to radio condition on 2ms
HARQHybrid ARQwith Soft combing Reduce round trip time
Fast Scheduling based on CQI and fairness Scheduling of user on 2ms
SF16, 2ms and CDM/TDM Dynamic shared in Time and code domain
16QAM 16QAM in complement to QPSK for higher peak bit rates
3 New Physical Channels
Page13
Adaptive Modulation and Coding
AMC ( Adaptive Modulation and Coding ) in accordance with CQI ( Channel Quality Indicator )
Adjust data rate to compensation channel condition

Good channel condition higher data rate Bad channel condition lower data rate
Adjust channel coding rate to compensation channel condition

Good channel condition channel coding rate is higher e.g. 3/4 Bad channel condition channel coding rate is lower e.g. 1/3
Adjust the modulation scheme to compensation channel condition

Good channel condition high order modulation scheme e.g. 16QAM Bad channel condition low order modulation scheme e.g. QPSK
Page14
Adaptive Modulation and Coding
AMC ( Adaptive Modulation and Coding ) based on CQI ( Channel Quality Indicator )
CQI ( channel quality indicator )
UE measures the channel quality and reports to NodeB every 2ms or more cycle
NodeB selects modulation scheme ,data block size based on CQI

Power Control Rate Adaptation
Bad channel condition More power Good channel condition less power
Node B
Bad channel condition low data rate Good channel condition high data rate
Node B
Page15
CQI mapping table for UE category 10

CQI value 0 1 2 Transport Block Size N/A 137 173 1 1 Number of HS-PDSCH Reference power Modulation Out of range QPSK QPSK 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 adjustment
13 14 15 16 17 18
2279 2583 3319 3565 4189 4664
4 4 5 5 5 5
QPSK QPSK QPSK 16-QAM 16-QAM 16-QAM
28 29 30
23370 24222 25558
15 15 15
16-QAM 16-QAM 16-QAM
Page16
HSDPA UE Categories
UE Category Maximum Number of HSDSCH Codes Received
5
Minimum InterTTI Interval

3
Maximum Number of Bits of an HS-DSCH Transport Block Received Within an HSDSCH TTI
7298
Total Number of Soft Channel Bits

19200
Category 1
Category 2
Category 3 Category 4 Category 5 Category 6 Category 7 Category 8 Category 9 Category 10 Category 11 Category 12
5
5 5 5 5 10 10 15 15 5 5
3
2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1
7298
7298 7298 7298 7298 14411 14411 20251 27952 3630 3630
28800
28800 38400 57600 67200 115200 134400 172800 172800 14400 28800
HSDPA RF performance depends on UE capability

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page17
Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest
Conventional ARQ
In a conventional ARQ scheme, received data blocks that can not be
correctly decoded are discarded and retransmitted data blocks are

separately decoded
Hybrid ARQ ( HARQ )
In case of Hybrid ARQ with soft combining, received data blocks that can not be correctly decoded are not discarded. Instead the corresponding received signal is buffered and soft combined with later received retransmission of information bits. Decoding is then applied
to the combined signal
Page18
Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest
Example for HARQ
The use of HARQ with soft combining increases the effective received Eb/Io for each retransmission and thus increases the probability for correct decoding of retransmissions, compare to conventional ARQ
Page19
HARQ Combining
There are many different schemes for HARQ with soft combining
In case of Chase combining ( CC ) each retransmission is an identical copy of the original transmission
In case of Incremental Redundancy ( IR ) each retransmission may add new redundancy
Page20
HARQ Process
Each HSDPA assignment is handled by a HARQ process runing in NodeB and UE
The UE HARQ process is responsible for:
Attempting to decode the data Deciding whether to send ACK or NACK
Soft combining of retransmitted data
The NodeB HARQ process is responsible for:
Selecting the corrected bits to send according to the selected retransmission scheme and UE capability
Page21
Short TTI (2ms)
Shorter TTI ( Transmission Time Interval ) is to reduce RTT ( round trip time )
Shorter TTI is necessary to benefit from other functionalities such as AMC, scheduling algorithm and HARQ
Page22
Shared Channel Transmission
In HSDPA, a new DL transport channel is introduced call HS-DSCH
A part of the total downlink code resource is dynamically shared between HSDPA and Release 99
Page23
Power Sharing for Channel Transmission
A part of the total downlink power resource is dynamically shared between HSDPA and Release 99
Power margin for DCH power control
Time Higher power utility efficiency
Total Power
Allowed power for HSDPA
DPCH Power for CCH Time
Page24
Resource Allocation
Resources are assigned to HSDPA user only when they are actually to be used for transmission, which leads to efficient code and power utilization
Page25
Higher-Order Modulation Scheme
HSDPA modulation scheme
QPSK 16QAM
Page26
Fast Scheduling
Fast scheduling is about to decided to which terminal the shared channel transmission should be directed at any given moment
Scheduler may be based on:

Some basic scheduler

CDM, TDM Channel condition Amount of data waiting in the queue Fairness (Satisfied users) Cell throughput, etc
Round Robin (RR) Maximum C/I (MAX C/I) Proportional Fair (PF) Enhanced Proportional Fair (EPF)
Page27
HSDPA New Physical Channels
Page28
Contents
Page29
R99 Channel Mapping
Page30
HSDPA Physical Layer Channels
New HSDPA Channels
High Speed Downlink shared Channel ( HS-DSCH )
Downlink Transport Channel
High Speed Shared Control Channel ( HS-SCCH )
Downlink Physical Control Channel
High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel ( HS-PDSCH )
Downlink Physical Channel
High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel ( HS-DPCCH )
Uplink Physical Control Channel
Page31
R5 Channel Mapping
Page32
Physical Layer Frame Duration
Frame Duration
10ms radio frame, 15 slots
2ms HSDPA sub-frame, 3 slots
1 HS-DSCH Transport Time interval (TTI)

R99 radio frame 10ms
Slot Duration
2560chips per slot

7680 chips per HSDPA sub-frame
HSDPA sub-frame
2ms
Symbol Timing
QPSK: 2bits / symbol

Time slot
16QAM: 4bits / symbol
0.67ms
Page33
HS-PDSCH Sub-frame Structure
HS-PDSCH sub-frame structure
3 time slots constituted one TTI (2ms) , only one TB will be sent
during one TTI

Fixed spreading factor ( SF=16 ) May use QPSK or 16QAM modulation scheme Up to 15 HS-PDSCH may be assigned simultaneously All HS-PDSCH used to carry users data UE can be assigned multiple OVSF code ( SF=16 ) based on UE Categories
Page34
HS-SCCH Sub-frame Structure
HS-SCCH subframe structure
3 time slots constitutes one TTI ( 2ms ) SF=128, QPSK only, Fixed rate of 60kbps HS-SCCH carries the following control messages: Xue, Xccs, Xms, Xrv, Xtbs, Xhap and Xnd UE demodulates HS-SCCH sub-frame and find out the received data addressed to the UE with Xue. Then UE demodulates HS-PDSCH sub-frame with Xccs, Xms, Xrv, Xhap, Xtbs and Xnd are used for HARQ Process UE may need to simultaneous monitor up to four HS-SCCHs
Page35
HS-DPCCH Sub-frame Structure
HS-DPCCH sub-frame structure
TTI=2ms ( 3 time slots ), SF=256, Fixed rate of 15kbps
Carry 2 types of HSDPA uplink physical layer control message, including ACK/NACK CQI
Page36
Uplink HS-DPCCH Preamble and Postamble
Transmit Preamble and Postamble on HS-DPCCH around ACK / NACK
Eases the decoding, which allows HS-DPCCH to operate at lower power
Page37
Associated Physical Channel ADPCH
Besides 3 physical channels on top. There is another physical channel named DPCH, which is a dedicated channel . DPCH is also called associated channel used for signalling transmission and power control
DPCH does not carry service generally, sometimes carry real time (RT) service such as AMR service
Page39
Fractional Dedicated Physical Channel (F-DPCH)

The F-DPCH is a new physical channel in Release 6 Purpose of F-DPCH introduction is to keep the closed loop power control working for HSDPA users without an assigned DPCH (A-DPCH)
Page40
F-DPCH Frame Structure
The F-DPCH carries control information generated at layer 1 (TPC commands). It is a special case of downlink DPCCH
Each frame of length 10ms is split into 15 slots, each of length

Tslot = 2560 chips, corresponding to one power-control period, SF=256
Each user occupy one Symbol in one slot to bear TPC command,
Pilot and TFCI is not needed
Up to 10 users can be multiplexed on one F-DPCH

(Tx OFF) NOFF1 bits TPC NTPC bits (Tx OFF) NOFF2 bits
Tslot = 2560 chips
Slot #0
Slot #1
Slot #i 1 radio frame: Tf = 10 ms
Slot #14
Page41
HSDPA Physical Channels Timing

Start of HS-SCCH is aligned with the start of PCCPCH HS-PDSCH, subframe is transmitted two slots after the associated HS-SCCH subframe
10 ms
P-CCPCH
3 slots = 2 ms
Radio frame with (SFN modulo 2) = 0
Radio frame with (SFN modulo 2)=1
HS-SCCH Subframe #0 Subframe #1 Subframe #2 Subframe #3 Subframe #4

3 slots = 2 ms
HS-PDSCH
2 slots
Subframe #0 Subframe #1 Subframe #2 Subframe #3 Subframe #4

15 slots = 10 ms
DPCH
Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot
DPCH
HS-DPCCH
~7.5 slots 3 slots = 2 ms
Page42
Theoretical HSDPA Maximum Data Rate

Theoretical HSDPA Maximum data rate is 14.4Mbps How do we get to 14.4Mbps ?
Multi-code transmission
NodeB must allocate all 15 OVSF codes ( SF =16 ) to one UE
Consecutive assignments using multiple HARQ process
NodeB must allocate all time slots to one UE
UE must decode all transmission correctly on the first transmission
Low channel coding gain

Effective code rate = 1 Requires very good channel conditions to decode
16QAM
Requires very good channel condition
Page43
More Data Rate Factors
More factors that affect HSDPA data rate

Inter- TTI interval
Retransmission
ACK / NACK Repetition
Assuming

5 OVSF code for HS-PDSCH Consecutive assignment QPSK Turbo code rate =1/3
Retransmission

75% of data block decoded on first transmission 25% of data block decoded on second transmission
Page44
Contents
Page45
UMTS Protocol Stack
Page46
HSDPA Protocol Stack
Page47
MAC Architecture
Page48
UTRAN MAC-hs Architecture
Page49
UTRAN MAC-hs Functions
Flow Control
The flow control entity controls the HSDPA data flow between RNC and NodeB
Purpose: to reduce the transmission time of HSDPA data on the UTRAN side and to reduce the data discarded and retransmitted when the Iub interface or Uu interface is congested
The transmission capabilities of the Uu interface and Iub
interface are taken into account in a dynamic manner in the

flow control
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page50
Scheduling
The scheduling entity handles the priority of the queues and schedules the priority queues or NACK HARQ processes of the HS-DSCH UEs in a cell to be transmitted on the HS-DSCH related physical channels in each TTI
Purpose: to achieve considerable cell throughput capability and

to satisfy user experience
Page51
HARQ
The HARQ entity handles the HARQ protocol for each HSDSCH UE
Each HS-DSCH UE has one HARQ entity on the MAC-hs of the UTRAN side to handle the HARQ functionality
One HARQ entity can support multiple instances (i.e.HARQ processes) of stop and wait HARQ protocols
Based on the status reports from HS-DPCCH, a new transmission or retransmission is determined
Page52
TFRC selection
The TFRC selection entity selects an appropriate transport format and resource for the data to be transmitted on HSDSCH
The transport format includes the transport block size and modulation scheme. The resource includes the power resource and code resource of HS-PDSCH
Transport Format and Resource Combination (TFRC) for each
UE is channel quality based, where AMC is the key technique
Page53
UE MAC-hs Functions
Page54
Summary
Page55
Thank you
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WCDMA HSDPA Principles

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

3GPP Release 6 Specification References

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

High Speed Downlink Packet Access

What are the benefits of HSDPA

Higher Data Rates

Peak data rate up to 14Mbps per user

More subscribers and throughput

Further reduces the cost per megabyte

Low latency improvement for streaming ,interactive, background

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Release 99 Packet Data

How is Packet Data handled in Release 99 (FDD) ?

DCH ( Dedicated Channel )

FACH ( Common Channel )

Common Spreading code No closed loop power control No soft handover

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Release 99 Downlink Limitation

Dedicated Channel Features ( DCH )

Maximum implemented downlink of 384kbps

OVSF code limitation for high data rate users

Common Channel Features ( FACH )

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

High Speed Downlink Packet Access

The differences between HSDPA and R99

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

High Speed Downlink Packet Access

How will HSDPA figure out the limitations of R99

Adaptive modulation and coding

Fast feedback of Channel condition

Multiple codes allocated per user Fixed spreading factor

NodeB fast Scheduling

Physical Layer HARQ ( Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest )

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

High Speed Downlink Packet Access

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

HSDPA Key Techniques

HARQHybrid ARQwith Soft combing Reduce round trip time

Fast Scheduling based on CQI and fairness Scheduling of user on 2ms

16QAM 16QAM in complement to QPSK for higher peak bit rates

3 New Physical Channels

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Adaptive Modulation and Coding

Adjust data rate to compensation channel condition

Adjust channel coding rate to compensation channel condition

Adjust the modulation scheme to compensation channel condition

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Adaptive Modulation and Coding

CQI ( channel quality indicator )

NodeB selects modulation scheme ,data block size based on CQI

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

CQI mapping table for UE category 10

2279 2583 3319 3565 4189 4664

QPSK QPSK QPSK 16-QAM 16-QAM 16-QAM

23370 24222 25558

16-QAM 16-QAM 16-QAM

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Minimum InterTTI Interval