PRESENTATION - 1

Approach to Training By;Mignot Anley(DMRHospital)

Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health

BEmONC LRP ETHIOPIA

Best Practices in Maternal and Newborn Care

Session Objectives

By the end of the session the participant will be able to describe:

Mastery learning
Acquisition Competency Proficiency

Adult learning Competency-based training Humanistic training

BEmONC LRP: Ethiopia Best Practices in Maternal and Newborn Approach to Competency Based training

How did you learn to make a bread?

Discuss in pairs of two Following two-by-two discussion, have several people describe to the larger group how they learned to make a bread. Label as types of learning/teaching and use as reference examples throughout rest of session

BEmONC LRP: Ethiopia Best Practices in Maternal and Newborn

Approach to Competency Based training

Mastery learning

Assumes that all learners can master (learn) the required knowledge, attitudes or skills provided sufficient time is allowed and appropriate learning methods are used Goal: 100 percent of the learners will master the knowledge and skills on which the learning is based.

BEmONC LRP: Ethiopia Best Practices in Maternal and Newborn

Approach to Competency Based training

Mastery learning (contd)

Takes differences into account: Some learners are able to acquire new knowledge or new skills immediately Others require additional time or alternative learning methods Individuals learn best in different waysthrough written, spoken or visual means Use a variety of teaching methods

BEmONC LRP: Ethiopia Best Practices in Maternal and Newborn

Approach to Competency Based training

Mastery Learning (contd)

Based on principles of adult learning

Learning is participatory, relevant and practical Builds on what the learner already knows or has experienced Provides opportunities for practicing skills

Uses behavior modeling Is competency-based Incorporates humanistic learning techniques

BEmONC LRP: Ethiopia Best Practices in Maternal and Newborn

Approach to Competency Based training

Stages of Learning

Skills learning usually takes place in three stages:

Skill acquisition, the learner sees others perform the skill and acquires a mental picture of the required steps. The learner then attempts to perform the procedure, usually needs assistance Skill competency Next, the learner practices until skill competency is achieved, and s/he can perform the procedure. Skill proficiency occurs with repeated practice over time. At this stage he/she effectively BEmONC LRP: Ethiopia Approach to Competency Based 7 performs the required skill or activity Best Practices in Maternal and Newborn training

BEmONC LRP: Ethiopia Best Practices in Maternal and Newborn

Approach to Competency Based training

What is meant by behavior modeling?

And how does it help learning? Have you ever used it? If so, how/when?

BEmONC LRP: Ethiopia Best Practices in Maternal and Newborn

Approach to Competency Based training

Behavior modeling

When conditions are ideal, a person learns most rapidly and effectively from watching someone perform (model) a skill or activity Trainer must clearly demonstrate the skill or activity so that learners have a clear picture of the performance expected of them

BEmONC LRP: Ethiopia Best Practices in Maternal and Newborn

10

Approach to Competency Based training

Competency-based Training
Learning by doing Focuses on the specific knowledge, attitudes and skills needed to carry out the procedure or activity How the learner performs (i.e., a combination of knowledge, attitudes and, most important, skills) is emphasized rather than just the information learned Competency in the new skill or activity is assessed objectively by evaluating overall BEmONC LRP: Ethiopia Approach to Competency Based performance 11 Best Practices in Maternal and Newborn training

Competency-based Training

Break down the skill or activity into essential steps Analyze each step to determine the most efficient and safe way to perform and learn it (standardization) Once a procedure has been standardized, develop competency-based learning guides and evaluation checklists to make learning the necessary steps or tasks easier and evaluating the learners performance more objective
12

BEmONC LRP: Ethiopia Best Practices in Maternal and Newborn

Approach to Competency Based training

Coaching

An essential component of CBT First explain a skill or activity, then demonstrate it using an anatomic model or other training aid, such as a video Once the procedure has been demonstrated and discussed, observe the learners and guide them in learning the skill or activity, monitoring their progress and helping them overcome problems
13

BEmONC LRP: Ethiopia Best Practices in Maternal and Newborn

Approach to Competency Based training

Coaching (contd)
Coaching ensures that the learner receives feedback regarding performance:

Before practice Teacher and learners meet briefly before each practice session to review the skill, activity, and/or tasks. During practiceTeacher observes, coaches and provides feedback to the learner as s/he performs the steps/tasks outlined in the learning guide After practiceImmediately after practice, the learning guide is used to discuss the learners performance, including strengths and specific suggestions for improvement. BEmONC LRP: Ethiopia Approach to Competency Based
14

Best Practices in Maternal and Newborn

training

Humanistic Training Techniques

Use of anatomic models (and other learning aids) which closely simulate the human body Initially working with models rather than with patients allows learners to learn and practice new skills in a simulated setting
Reduces stress for the learner Reduces risk of injury and discomfort to the patient.

Always treat patient/client with utmost respect

Put the patients/clients well-being first BEmONC LRP: Ethiopia Approach to Competency Based 15 Respect dignity, modesty, socio-cultural Best Practices in Maternal and Newborn training

Teaching methods

What teaching methods do you know?

BEmONC LRP: Ethiopia Best Practices in Maternal and Newborn

16

Approach to Competency Based training

Teaching methods; contd

Topic should be relevant Need participation & active involvement in the learning process

BEmONC LRP: Ethiopia Best Practices in Maternal and Newborn

17

Approach to Competency Based training

Teaching methods

Desire positive feedback

Need to be recognized as individuals

BEmONC LRP: Ethiopia Best Practices in Maternal and Newborn

18

Approach to Competency Based training

Preparation for clinical performance

Before performing a clinical procedure with a patient: The clinical teacher should demonstrate the skills and patient interactions several times using an anatomic model, role plays or other simulations Under the guidance of the teacher, the learner should practice the required skills and patient interactions using the model, role plays or other simulations and actual instruments in a setting that isBEmONC as similar as possible to thetoreal situation LRP: Ethiopia Approach Competency Based 19
Best Practices in Maternal and Newborn training

How do you decide when a student is ready to begin working in a clinical situation (Clinical Practicum)?

BEmONC LRP: Ethiopia Best Practices in Maternal and Newborn

20

Approach to Competency Based training

Skill competency

Only when skill competency has been demonstrated should learners have their first contact with a patient May be challenging in a pre-service education setting due to large numbers of learners Before any learner provides services to a patient, however, it is important that the learner demonstrate skill competency using models, role plays or simulations, especially for core skills
21

BEmONC LRP: Ethiopia Best Practices in Maternal and Newborn

Approach to Competency Based training

Summary

When mastery learning, based on adult learning principles and behavior modeling, is integrated with CBT, the result is a powerful and extremely effective method for providing clinical training When humanistic training techniques are incorporated, training time and costs can be significantly reduced

BEmONC LRP: Ethiopia Best Practices in Maternal and Newborn

22

Approach to Competency Based training

References

JHPIEGO. Clinical Training Skills for Reproductive Health Professionals, 2000. Baltimore. JHPIEGO. Advanced Training Skills for Reproductive Health Professionals, 2nd ed., 1998. Baltimore. Sullivan RL. The Competency-Based Approach to Training. 1995. Baltimore.

BEmONC LRP: Ethiopia Best Practices in Maternal and Newborn

23

Approach to Competency Based training