COMPUTERS AND INPUT SENSORS

CHAPTER 9 ENGINE PERFORMANCE

MICROCOMPUTER OPERATION HAPPENS IN STAGES

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INPUT STAGE

INPUTS: All sensors produce are a voltage signal of some type Some Inputs are conditioned before going to the microprocessor.
Amplification A/D Conversion

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INPUT CONDITIONING

Microprocessor can only process some types of signals Must amplify some signals Must convert analog signals to digital signals

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A/D converter takes snapshot of analog signal Computers only understand 1s and 0s. 1 = On 0 = Off Voltages are classified into different ranges Each range is assigned a numeric value Values are translated into a binary code

BINARY CODE

PROCESSING OPERATION

Digital signal compared to lookup tables Information is sent to microprocessor Microprocessor decides what to do Issues a command to output actuator

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TYPES OF MEMORY
3

DIFFERENT TYPES

READ ONLY MEMORY (ROM) RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM) KEEP ALIVE MEMORY (KAM)

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READ ONLY MEMORY

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Permanent memory Microprocessor can only read information from ROM Information cannot be erased Contains info such as: programs, look up tables to tell how vehicle should perform. Data and formulas used to perform calculations Vehicle information: # of cylinders, valve size, transmission type, rear end

RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY

Information stored temporarily Can be written to or read from When Ignition is turned off, memory is erased. Used to store information from sensors, results of calculations and data subject to constant change.

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KEEP ALIVE MEMORY

Information can be read, written and erased from KAM KAM is not lost when ignition key is turned off Disconnecting Battery will erase KAM KAM allows for adaptive strategies Stores diagnostic codes

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PROCESSOR LOCATION

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Usually under dash or inside car Sometimes under hood. Susceptible to water, dirt, dust, heat and vibration Some are built in to component Body Computers located many different places in vehicle. Some cars centrally locate all processors

HANDLING THE PROCESSOR

TOUCH THE VEHICLE CHASSIS TO DISCHARGE STATIC ELECTRICITY TURN POWER OFF BEFORE DISCONNECTING PROCESSOR BE SURE DVOM CONNECTIONS ARE CORRECT BE SURE TO USE THE CORRECT TEST INSTRUMENT

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OUTPUT STAGE

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Microprocessor issues commands in the form of voltages Can display information on a Scanner or Digital dash Can control hydraulic, vacuum or electrical components.

OUTPUT DRIVERS

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Microprocessor send digital signals to output drivers Drivers usually do not send voltage to actuators Microprocessor controls actuator ground circuit

INPUT SENSORS

ALL SENSORS PERFORM SAME BASIC FUNCTION

DETECT MECHANICAL CONDITION (MOVEMENT) CHEMICAL STATE CHANGE TEMPERATURE CONDITION

ALL SENSORS CHANGE ABOVE INPUT INTO VOLTAGE SIGNALS THAT PROCESSOR CAN USE

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3 WIRE SENSORS
REFERENCE VOLTAGE SENSOR OR VOLTAGE MODIFIER

VOLTAGE REFERENCE SIGNAL WIRE SIGNAL RETURN (GROUND)

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THROTTLE POSITION SENSOR

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CHANGES MECHANICAL ACTION INTO ELECTRICAL SIGNAL SOME ARE ADJUSTABLE SOME READ HIGH VOLTS AT IDLE, SOME LOW VOLTS AT IDLE

TWO WIRE SENSOR

VOLTAGE MODIFIER

SIGNAL CIRCUIT GROUND CIRCUIT TWO TYPES OF TERMISTORS

NTC = REDUCES OHMS WHEN TEMP INCREASES PTC = INCREASES OHMS WHEN TEMP INCREASES

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MAF SENSOR

USES HOT WIRE PCM MONITORS COLD WIRE TEMP. SENDS CURRENT TO HOT WIRE TO MAINTAIN 392 DEGREES ABOVE COLD WIRE AMOUNT OF CURRENT DETERMINES INTAKE AIR FLOW
306C

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CYCLE DUTY CYCLE PULSE WIDTH FREQUENCY

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PULSE WIDTH

LENGTH OF TIME IN MS, ACTUATOR IS ON IE, DURATION OF ON-TIME PULSE WIDTH MODULATION

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VANE AIR FLOW METER

USES THREE TYPES OF VOLTAGE MODIFIERS

SWITCH POTENTIOMETER THERMISTOR

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MOVES DOOR TO DETERMINE AIR FLOW

WHEATSTONE BRIDGE
285C

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THREE FIXED AND ONE VARIABLE RESISTOR PCM ALWAYS TO BALANCE THE BRIDGE USED TO MEASURE PRESSURE AND MECHANICAL STRAIN

VOLTAGE GENERATOR

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GENERATES IT OWN VOLTAGE SIGNAL COMPARES INSIDE AIR TO OUTSIDE AIR SIGNAL IS .1 TO 1.0 VOLT LOW VOLTAGE MEANS SENSING LEAN HIGH VOLTAGE MEANS SENSING RICH

O2 SENSOR SIGNAL

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Signal range is between 0.0 and 1.0volt Normal operation is from 0.2 to 0.8 volts PCM will always try to do the opposite from what 02 sensor is signaling

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02 CROSSCOUNTS

Generally, about 2 to 3 crosscounts is normal operation cbc

ZIRCONIA SENSOR

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TITANIA SENSOR

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DIAGNOSTIC LOGIC TREE

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LOGIC TREE OR DIAGNOSTIC CHART SOME CHARTS INCLUDE EXPLANATIONS MANY MANUFACTUERS USE THIS TYPE DIAGNOSTICS

LOOK UP TABLE USED TO DETERMINE BLOCK LEARN/INTERGRATOR

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SCANNER

SCANNERS READ CODES AND DATA STREAMS TEST ACTUATORS GRAPHING LAB SCOPE DVOM TECHNICAL INFO

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LAB PG 379

GM PROM

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CONTAINS SPECIFIC PROGRAMS SUCH AS; SPARK ADVANCE, FUEL INJECTION SOME ARE ELECTRONICALLY ERASABLE REPLACEABLE SEPARATE FROM PCM

CODE CHART

SELF DIAGNOSTICS (SELF TEST MODE) HARD FAULTS SOFT CODES OR MEMORY CODES ACCESS TROUBLE CODES WITH SCANNER OR BY MANUAL METHOD ERASING FAULT CODES

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DATA LINK CONNECTORS (DLC)

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LAB PAGE 391

THE THREE AMIGOS

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