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ILO describes it as economic activity, both paid and unpaid, few hours or full time ,casual or regular, legal or illegal that are mentally,physically,socially or morally dangerous and harmful to a child excluding chores in homes and schools. It Is work carried out to the manifest determent and endangerment of a child . it deprives them of a right to education or that requires them to assume the multiple burdens of schooling and work.
What studies have been done on Child Labour ILO Regional Child Labour Project 2005 Qualitative Analysis of Child Work in Belize 2003 In Dept Analysis of Child Labour and Education in Belize 2003 National Report on the result of the Child Activity Survey in Belize 2004 A review of child Labour Laws in Belizwe- Roy Young 2005
laws
Education Act 24(9) all children under age 14 must attend school S24 schools authoroties are responsible to ensure that pupils are free from sexual and other forms of harassment,exposure to drugspornoharmful activities.S 31 parents legal duty for children to attend schoolsempowers the Chief to to serve notice on a parent,School Attendance officers has alegal duty to report to Districk Ed oFFICERS
Constitution,C138&182
The Constitution
C.138 R.146 1973requires Belize to persue a Policy for the elimination and prevention of C.L to establish general minimum age for employment and to prohibit children under the age of 18 years in work or acivities that are likely to jeopardise their safety,health and development. R 146 is not binding but provides guidelines regarding policy development
Developing countries special dispensation 14-16 yrs minimum age C182 R.190 Worst forms of Child Labour Requires states to immediately address the immediate need for the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child Labour including trafficking and commercial Sex activities. It is important to stress that these laws AND the Policy seeks to protect children from work that is detrimental totheirMental,physical,social,Moral and Educational Development and not to prohibit all forms of work. 138 Labour Act age 14 ,charitable artistic performances
laws
Protection Against Sexual Harassment Act Criminal Code S47. procuring or offering a child for prostitution,porno inc porno performances s20 illicit activities Social Security Act C.138 &182
Other areas
Private sector Involvement o Employers Org-self regulation,sesitisation o NGOS,Religious Org,Com Based Org,trade unions and parents and Families.
Light work
Def: work which is not likely to be harmful to the health or development of young persons and not such as to prejudice their attendance at school, their participation in vocational orientation or training programmes approved by the competent authority or their capacity to benefit from the instructions received The laws does not prohibit all forms of work by children Indeed the physical, social and moral dev of a child requires that the value of work be instilled at a reasonable age.compatible with the child welfare and a distinction made between legitimate and prohibited work has powers under the LA to make Reg for light work this is to regulate light work .the hrs of work,activties and other conditions are important factors in det light work equal pay is of special importance, time needed for home work,education,rest(customary 12 hrs) and rest days,SSB coverage,appropriate instruction and supervision and for leisure Exception Charitable Artistic Performances
Def: is defined as any type of employment or work which by its nature or the circumstances in which it is carried out is likely to jeopardize their health, safety or moral development. C182 def as a worst forms of child labour Work that exposes children to physical ,psycological or sexual abuse Underground underwater, dangerous heights,orconfined spaces Dangerous machinery, tools or equipment,transporting heavy loads
6.4 % persons 5-17 were child labourers 3times males than females engage in CL 79% live in rural areas and work in subsistence agricultre,tourism,home domestics Children 5-14yrs compulory school age make contrbute heavily to C.L,some are involved in forced prostitution and sex tourism 2/3 of these children should be in school Mayan,latino and minonite ethnicity are at severe risk. Mostly occurs in larg families,single parentsfamilies,head od fam had less than a primary ed Major factors are poverty &limited access to ed facilities and cross border activities