CHAPTER 8 Accounting Systems: Information systems that record and report business transactions, the flow of funds through

an organization, and produce financial statements. This provides information for the planning and control of business operations, as well as for legal and historical record-keeping. Accounts Payable: A record of purchases from suppliers. Accounts Receivable: A record of amounts owed by customers. Batch Processing: A category of data processing in which data is accumulated into "batches" and processed periodically. Collaborative Manufacturing Networks: Collaborative manufacturing networks involve using the Internet, intranets, extranets, and other networks to link the workstations of engineers and other specialists with their colleagues at other sites.

Computer-Aided Manufacturing: The use of computers to automate the production process and operations of a manufacturing plant. Also called factory automation. Computer-Integrated Manufacturing: An overall concept that stresses that the goals of computer use in factory automation should be to simplify, automate, and integrate production processes and other aspects of manufacturing. Cross-Functional Integrated Systems: Information systems that are integrated combinations of business information resources across the functional units of an organization. Customer Relationship Management: CRM is described as a cross-functional E-business application that integrates and automates many customer serving processes in sales, direct marketing, accounting and order management, and customer service and support.

E-Business: E-business is the use of the Internet and other networks and information technologies to support electronic commerce, enterprise communications and collaboration, and webenabled business processes both within an internetworked enterprise, and with its customers and business partners. E-Business: Application Architecture Using the Internet and other networks for E-commerce, collaboration, and business processes. Businesses use these technologies to establish interrelationships to each other and to customers, employees, business partners, and other stakeholders of an internetworked E-business enterprise. E-Commerce Portal Websites eveloped and hosted by third-party market maker companies who serve as infomediaries that bring buyers and sellers together in catalog, exchange, and auction markets. E-Commerce Auction A website that allows consumers (and businesses) to buy and sell with each other in an auction process.

E-Commerce Catalog A high-speed web-trading site that offers electronic catalog shopping and ordering for products, offered by many suppliers in an industry. E-Commerce Exchange A high-speed platform where buyers and sellers can interact to negotiate prices for products and services. Electronic Commerce - Business-to-Business: In this form of electronic commerce, businesses must develop attractive electronic marketplaces to entice and sell products and services to customers. Electronic Commerce - Business-to-Consumer: This category of electronic commerce involves both electronic business marketplaces and direct market links between businesses.

Electronic Commerce - Consumer-to-Consumer: The buying and selling, marketing and servicing, and delivery and payment of products, services, and information over the Internet, intranets, extranets, and other networks, between an internetworked enterprise and its prospects, customers, suppliers, and other business partners. Includes C2C E-commerce websites and portals for catalog, exchange, and auction markets. Electronic Commerce - Technology Architecture: Depends on six layers of technology: application services, brokerage and data management, interface services, secure messaging, middleware services, and network infrastructure. Electronic Commerce Transaction Cycle: The ability to: attract, inform, customize, transact, personalize, deliver, interact, and pay. Electronic Data Interchange: The electronic transmission of source documents between the computers of different organizations.

Electronic Funds Transfer: The development of banking and payment systems that transfer funds electronically instead of using cash or paper documents such as checks. Electronic Payment Systems: Alternative cash or credit payment methods using various electronic technologies to pay for products and services in electronic commerce. Enterprise Application Integration: A cross-functional E-business application that integrates frontoffice applications like customer relationship management with back-office applications like enterprise resource management. Enterprise Resource Planning: Using integrated cross-functional software to reengineer, manufacturing, distribution, finance, human resources and other basic business processes of a company to improve its efficiency, agility, and profitability.

Financial Management Systems: Information systems that support financial managers in the financing of a business and the allocation and control of financial resources. Includes cash and securities management, capital budgeting, financial forecasting, and financial planning. Financial Business Systems: Information systems that support financial managers in the financing of a business and the allocation and control of financial resources. Include cash and securities management, capital budgeting, financial forecasting, and financial planning. General Ledger: A collection of financial records of a firm. Human Resource Systems: Information systems that support human resource management activities such as recruitment, selection and hiring, job placement and performance appraisals, and training and development.

Infomediaries: Companies that serve as intermediaries in E-business and Ecommerce transactions. Interactive Marketing: A dynamic collaborative process of creating, purchasing, and improving products and services that builds close relationships between a business and its customers, using a variety of services on the Internet, intranets, and extranets. Inventory Control: The activity of monitoring and controlling the inventory. Machine Control: The technology of controlling machine tools by computers. Manufacturing Execution Systems: MES are performance monitoring information systems for factory floor operations. They monitor, track, and control the five essential components involved in a production process: materials, equipment, personnel, instructions and specifications, and production facilities.

Manufacturing Systems: Information systems that support the planning, control, and accomplishment of manufacturing processes. This includes concepts such as computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) and technologies such as computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) or computer-aided design (CAD). Marketing Systems: Information systems that support the planning, control, and transaction processing required for the accomplishment of marketing activities, such as sales management, advertising and promotion. Online Accounting Systems: Online accounting information systems are using the Internet, intranets, extranets, and other networks to be directly involved in the processing of transactions between a business and its customers and suppliers.

Online HRM Systems: Online HRM systems are using the Internet to actively recruit for employees through recruitment sections of their corporate web sites and commercial recruitment services and databases on the World Wide Web. Online Investment Systems: Online investment systems are using the Internet and other networks in order to make buying, selling, or holding decisions for each type of security so that an optimum mix is developed that minimizes risk and maximizes investment income for the business. Online Transaction Processing Systems: A realtime transaction processing system. Order Processing: The activities involved in processing orders from customers. Payroll: A record of the employees to be paid and the amount due to each.

Process Control: The use of a computer to control an ongoing physical process such as petrochemical production. Realtime Processing: Data processing in which data is processed immediately rather than periodically. Also called online processing. Retailing on the Web: The selling of goods and services on the Internet, focusing on performance and service efficiency, personalization, socialization, the look and feel of the site, offering incentives to purchase, and security. Robotics: The technology of building machines (robots) with computer intelligence and human like physical capabilities.

Sales Force Automation: The use of computers to automate sales recording and reporting by sales people, as well as communications and sales support. Supply Chain: The network of business processes and interrelationships among businesses that are needed to build, sell, and deliver a product to its final customer. Supply Chain Management: Integrating management practices and information technology to optimize information and product flows among the processes and business partners within a supply chain. Targeted Marketing: Developing advertising and promotion strategies for a companys electronic commerce web sites. Targeted marketing includes five targeting components: community, content, context, demographic/psychographic, and online behavior.

Transaction Processing Cycle: A cycle of basic transaction processing activities including data entry, transaction processing, database maintenance, document and report generation, and inquiry processing. Wholesaling on the Web: Wholesaling on the Web involves information technologies such as E-mail, electronic business forms, bulletin board systems, electronic data interchange, electronic funds transfers, web sites with multimedia marketing information and product catalogs, interactive order processing systems, and so on.