Compact UWB Wearable Antenna with Improved Bandwidth and Low SAR

Authors
Presenter :

10/12/2013, 12:00PM

Outline

Introduction Overview Background

Results and discussions

Antenna design

Antenna materials Antenna geometry

Antenna performance at free space. Antenna performance at the presence of the body SPECIFIC ABSORPTION RATE (SAR)

Conclusion

Introduction

Overview Ultra-wideband (UWB) commonly refers to signals or systems that have a large bandwidth.

In the past few years Ultra wideband (UWB) technology has received increasing attention in the communication system. Its main advantages over (narrowband) wireless communications systems are: low transmit power levels, high-data rates, and possibly simpler hardware configurations

Wireless Communication System

-41.3 dBm/MHz maximum power level for UWB

Examples for existing communication standard

GPS (1.571.58 GHz) WCDMA (1.922.17 GHz) Bluetooth (2.4-2.48GHz) WLAN 802.11b/g (5.15-5.825) WLAN802.11b/g (2.4-2.4835) Wi-max (3.3-3.6GHz) Commercial UWB (3.110.6 GHz) Vehicle UWB radar system(22-29GHz)

Background

UWB technology has been employed for military sector communication systems for decades Opening the unlicensed spectrum of UWB (3.1GHz 10.6GHz) for commercial use has brought us variety of systems (indoor applications) Recently, wearable applications have combined miniaturization of electronic devices. Therefore, a growing interest exists for wearable antennas and electronics. All for flexibility and portability. Integrating UWB wearable systems and textile technology

Background

Body-worn antennas systems embedded into the so-called smart clothes

Merging between wearable systems, (UWB) technology and textile technology. Such flexible antennas can be easily integrated into a piece of clothing.

Why textiles?

Medical Body Area Networks (MBAN)

Background

attention to the impact of the interaction between electromagnetic (EM) fields and the human body. Therefore, Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is required.

ANTENNA DESIGN

Antenna Materials

Loss tangent, e''/e'

(jeans) metallic radiator (adhesive copper tape) r and loss tangent have been averaged to 1.76, 0.078 respectively.

Dielecric permitivity, e'

1.5 1
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Frequency, GHz
0.5

-0.5

10

Frequency, GHz

ANTENNA DESIGN

Antenna Geometry

rectangular patch slot and truncation techniques in order to enhance the bandwidth. ground plane truncated and notched
Substrate: L W (46 46 mm2), Patch :l w (25 21.6 mm2), r = 4 mm, Sl Sw (2 11 mm2), lf = 18 mm and wf = 3.64 mm Ground: lg W (13.8 46 mm2), ln wn (8 2.6 mm2).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Simulated S11

2.25 GHz and 12.19 GHz Abs BW = 9.94 GHz Fractional BW %= 137%
3.04 GHz-10.3 GHz Abs BW = 7.26 GHz Fractional BW %= 108%

Fractional BW f
c h l

f f ..........................(1) f
h l c

f f ...............................................(2) 2

measured S11

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

2D radiation pattern

ANTENNA PERFORMANCE AT THE PRESENCE OF THE BODY

Four-layer model (skin, fat, muscle and bone) has been considered for the evaluation, (Curvature approximated to conical shape ).

skin = 2 mm, fat = 3 mm, muscle = 8 mm and bone = 10 mm (radius). Body Tissue Dielectric Parameters Tool provided by FCC official website Antenna placed at 1.5 mm from the origin.

ANTENNA PERFORMANCE AT THE PRESENCE OF THE BODY

S11 Parameter, Magnitude in dB

Simulated results:

-6

-10 -14 -18 -22 3 5 7 9 11

Operating frequency: 4.2 GHz10.6 GHz Fractional BW can reach up to 86.48%. skin = 2 mm, fat = 3 mm, muscle = 8 mm and bone = 10 mm (radius) Substrate: jeans. Body Tissue Dielectric Parameters Tool provided by FCC official website Antenna placed at 1.5 mm from the origin.

Frequency, GHz
0.6

Total efficiency

0.4 0.2 0 3 5 7 9 11

Frequency, GHz

ANTENNA PERFORMANCE AT THE PRESENCE OF THE BODY

SPECIFIC ABSORPTION RATE (SAR)

evaluation of the power absorbed by the human body, (power absorbed per unit mass) W/kg . Phantoms

By homogenous (rectangles) homogenous and layered body model (layered Rectangles) Voxel Full or partial?

(SAR)

peak 10-g SAR for the body model

contrast difference of the dielectric constant between skin and fat layers different internal structure gives different distribution of the penetrating radiation The skin has the highest conductivity followed by muscle and bone layers, while the fat has the lowest.
Peak \ f 10 g 3.1 GHz 1.18 5.4 GHz 2.21 7 GHz 0.84 9 GHz 1.95

10 g averaging limit = 4 W/kg

Conclusion

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