CHAPTER 2 : THE STURUCTURE OF

THE ATOM

2.3 Isotopes & Their Importance

2.4 The Electronic Structure of an Atom

2.3 Isotopes & Their Importance

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

1. State the meaning of isotopes.

2. List 3 examples of elements with
isotopes.
3. Determine the number of subatomic
particles of isotopes.
4. Justify the uses of isotopes in daily life.
 ISOTOPES
Atoms of the same element with different number
of neutrons

How about the Nucleon No. & Proton No.???

 ISOTOPES
Atoms of the same element with different number
of neutrons

Isotopes have the SAME PROTON NO. but

DIFFERENT NUCLEON NO.

Isotopes of Hydrogen:
Some examples of isotopes of elements:

Give another example of isotopes of an element

 Cobalt-60
Used in radiotherapy for the
Sodium-24
treatment of cancer
Used to detect leaks
in pipes carrying gas

Carbon-14

Uses of Isotopes Used in carbon

dating to estimate
the age of fossils &
artifacts

Oxigen-18
Phosphorus-32
Is a biological tracer used in the
Used in fertilizers to study the studies of photosynthesis in
metabolism of phosphorus in plant
plant
 GROUP ASSIGNMENT

Describe the usage of isotopes in various

fields:
1. Medicine
2. Industry
3. Agriculture
4. Archeology

Please state your references…

2.4 The Electronic Structure of an Atom

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

1. Describe the electron arrangements of atoms

of elements with the proton numbers of 1 to
20.
2. Draw electron arrangement of an atom in an
element.
3. State the meaning of valence electrons.
4. Determine the number of valence electrons
from the electron arrangement of an atom.
 ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION
The arrangement of electrons around the nucleus in the
shells of an atom

1st shell : max. 2e

2nd shell : max. 8e

3rd shell : max. 8e

Electrons

Nucleus

Valence electrons : e in
outermost shell
Electronic Configuration of some Elements
 What have you learnt today?

• Meaning of ISOTOPES
• Meaning of ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION
• Maximum number of electrons in the 1st
shell, 2nd shell and 3rd shell
• Meaning of VALENCE ELECTRONS