LEADERSHIP

AHMAD AYDI 2013

Outline
Leadership Leadership qualities Leadership skills Achieving self knowledge Leadership styles Conditions for effective nursing leadership

Leadership as an interpersonal
process, one person influences the activities and
decisions of another person or group of persons

toward the accomplishment of a desired goal.

Therefore, leadership simply is the use of

personal characteristics or qualities to influence

others .

Leadership Qualities
Charismatic Dynamic Enthusiastic Poised Confident Self-directed Flexible

Most research has identified six traits that distinguish leaders from nonleaders:

1.
2.

Desire to lead
Ambition and energy

3.
4. 5. 6.

Intelligence
Self-confidence Honesty and integrity Job-relevant knowledge

Leadership Skills
Communication Problem-solving Management Self-evaluation

Achieving Self-knowledge
Identify your strengths Evaluate how you accomplish work Clarify your values Assume responsibility for relationships

The basis of good leadership is honorable character and selfless service to your organization. In your employees' eyes, your

leadership is everything you do that effects the organization's

objectives and their well-being. Respected leaders concentrate on: what they are [be] (such as beliefs and character) what they know (such as job, tasks, and human nature)

what they do (such as implementing, motivating, and providing

direction).

BE

KNOW

DO

BE a professional. Examples: Be loyal to the organization, take personal responsibility. BE a professional who possess good character traits. Examples: Honesty, competence, commitment, integrity, courage, straightforwardness, imagination.

KNOW the four factors of leadership follower, leader, communication,

situation. KNOW yourself. Examples: strengths and weakness of your character,

knowledge, and skills.

KNOW human nature. Examples: Human needs, emotions, and how people respond to stress

KNOW your job. Examples: be proficient and be able to train

others in their tasks. KNOW your organization. Examples: where to go for help, its climate and culture, who the unofficial leaders are. DO provide direction. Examples: goal setting, problem solving, decision making, planning. DO implement. Examples: communicating, coordinating, supervising, evaluating.

DO motivate. Examples: develop morale in the organization, train,

coach, counsel.

Leadership Styles
Autocratic Democratic Laissez-faire

Autocratic leadership style in which leaders use their power (usually the power of their position) to influence their followers. The autocratic leader makes decisions alone and gives orders, expecting others to obey without question. This style generally is evident in the military. Suggestions from followers are not, as a rule, invited or accepted. The leader is

dominant, and followers have little power or freedom of choice.

This type of leader is more interested in task accomplishment than in concern for followers. Sometimes, a nurse finds that members of a group expect to be led in an autocratic style.

They may see the nurse as the qualified expert among them.
It may stifle creativity and innovation. Autocratic leadership must be used with caution, and many current organizational structures do not lend themselves to its practice.

Participative leadership style is a democratic style in which

leaders involve followers in the decision-making process. These

leaders are people who are oriented to and focus on relationships

and teamwork.

This form of leadership has become increasingly popular, because it promotes followers self-esteem and increases motivation and productivity. Leaders using this style encourage all members of the group to have a voice and to

participate in decision-making. Some participative leaders

encourage followers to exercise more freedom and power than others do. Generally, however, this leadership style

allows followers considerable freedom to make choices.

Autonomous leadership style is facilitative and encourages

group members to select and carry out their own activities and to
function independently. The leaders role is to set general

parameters and to facilitate followers progress.

It is effective in a group whose members have both the motivation and the competence to achieve the goals. Although someone is formally the leader, this style uses little or no direct influence; rather, the leader exercises indirect

influence by establishing an overall purpose and

encouraging follower creativity and innovation. In some situations, where more guidance and direction is needed, this laissez-faire approach results in low productivity and follower frustration .

Conditions for Effective Nursing Leadership

The conditions necessary for leadership to be effective. 1. Team members, followers, or clients must have the background

knowledge of what is being suggested, advised, or directed in order to

make compliance possible. 2. Team members, followers, or clients must be able to carry out the suggestion. They must have access to the needed resources or have their abilities developed as needed.

3. The required action must be consistent with the personal values and interests of team members, followers, or clients.

4. The required action must be consistent with the collective purposes,

values, and norms of the team members, followers, or clientsthat is, be in tune with group or agency goals. Central and most important to effective leadership is a relationship of trust, respect, and mutual exchange between leader and followers. It is

through this transformational relationship that community health nurses

can satisfy the conditions for effective leadership and accomplish positive health outcomes.