Russian Federation __________________________________ Russia - Saint Petersburg - So Petersburgo ___________________

Saint Petersburg

Founded by Tsar Peter the Great on May 27, 1703, it was capital of the Russian !pire St. Petersburg was founded by Tsar Peter ., the Great, in 1703" .n 1721 the sa!e tsar / co!in$ for !ore than two hundred years" #eased bein$ the capital in 1%1& after the Russian fro! the Ro!ano' 0ouse / proclai!ed the Russian !pire, which beca!e 1nown as Russia and Re'olution of 1%17" 2t" Petersbur$ was its capital for !ore than two hundred years" The city also had the na!es of The city(s other na!es were)and Petrograd *1%1+,1%2+and Leningrad *1%2+,1%%1Petro$rad *1%1+/1%2+after the 1%17 re'olution, 3enin$rad *1%2+/1%%1-"

Peterhof Palace / the su!!er palace / in fact consisted of a series of palaces and $ardens,
and was intended to house the founder of the city / Tsar Peter the Great"

Peterhof Palace , 4uilt between 171+ and 1725, the !a$nificent palace had its construction
planned since 1705, two years after the foundin$ of 2t" Petersbur$, the 6#ity of 2aint Peter"6

Peterhof Palace , 72a!son8 , one of the !any $arden9s fountains, and the
canal o'erloo1in$ the Gulf of Finland / an ar! of the 4altic 2ea"

Peterhof Palace / The 4lue :rawin$ Roo!

Peterhof Palace / a sleepin$ roo!

Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography

the oldest !useu! in Russia / 1727

The atherine Palace, rococo style, with o'er 300! facade, was the su!!er residence of Russian tsars, located in the district of Tsars1o'e 2elo *now Push1in-" The $reat #atherine Palace was na!ed for #atherine ., the wife of Peter the Great / 171&"

atherine Palace in Push1in / a!ber roo!

atherine Palace / ban;uet hall" The Palace is located in the city which
was later rena!ed Push1in, in honor of the $reat Russian poet"

2tatue of Ale!ander Push"in in front of the <cade!y of Fine <rts * 1757- / the poet whose 'ast 1nowled$e of Russian lan$ua$e and richness in its use influenced authors such as Go$ol, 3er!onto' and Tur$uenie' "

#inter Palace
built and continuously chan$ed since the late 1730s until 1&37, was the official residence of Russian !onarchs fro! 1732 to 1%17" #oncei'ed with the intention of reflectin$ the stren$th and power of .!perial Russia / not only by the i!!ense area as well as by the !a$nificence of its 30! hi$h, it was fro! here that the Tsar ruled 22,+00,000 1!2 *al!ost one si=th of arth9s lands- and !ore than 125 !illion indi'iduals by late nineteenth century / 17>"+ !illion at its apo$ee"

2 The #inter Palace has a 250! lon$ facade, +>,51>! built area, with 1,057 roo!s, 1,7&>

doors, 1,%+5 windows, 1,500 roo!s and 117 staircases"

$ermitage Museum as seen fro! the ?e'a Ri'er"

Founded in 17>+ and inau$urated in 1&52, the Museu! occupies fi'e ad@oinin$ palaces, the lar$est bein$ the for!er Ainter Palace / official residence of the tsars" "

%&ortso&aya S'uare / <le=ander #olu!n and General 2taff buildin$, seen fro! the
Ainter Palace which houses the 0er!ita$e Museu!"

$ermitage Museum ( white and $reen Rococo, and epoch9s coaches"

$ermitage Museum seen fro! the side facin$ the :'ortso'aya 2;uare with
the <le=ander #olu!n"

atherine ))* the Great* , wife of Peter ))), was

the first i!perial occupant of the palace that is now the 0er!ita$e Museu!" .ts collection e=ceeds three !illion wor1s, and one of its first !a@or ac;uisitions too1 place in 1&>5 / The Madonna and #hild *Madonna 3itta-, 3eonardo da Binci"

Paintin$ of

atherine )) by .'an <r$uno'

Ale!andra+s ,edroom / .n 1&25, ascended to the throne -icholas ) who, despite ha'in$ been
!arried for con'enience of fa!ilies, fell in lo'e and was fully reciprocated by his wife Ale!andra Feodoro&na.

#inter Palace Ale!andra+s toilette suite"

:espite the sophistication that still can be seen in all its roo!s, <le=andra prioritiCed si!plicity and pri'acy"

Dne of the roo!s of Ale!andra+s suite , 2he has always been closely lin1ed to her ho!e fa!ily, de'oted and lo'in$ !other, perfect in her role as #onsort !press, but always !ade it clear that for her, Russia was resu!ed in the person of her belo'ed husband .

$ermitage Museum , interior balcony

The !ain or .ordan Staircase of the Ainter Palace, now 0er!ita$e Museu!"

$ermitage Museum , architecture and chandeliers"

$ermitage Museum , the old royal library

$ermitage Museum , the $reat roo! of .talian <rts

Dne of the Throne Roo!s / there are a !uch bi$$er throne roo!, but this one is the !ore attracti'e"

$ermitage Museum / Raphael Loggias , a #atherine ..(s wish, is a copy of the fa!ous Gallery
created in the 1>th century in the Batican Palace" There are 13 arches for!in$ a $allery of >5 by + !"

The ,ron0e $orseman , in the 2enate 2;uare was erected a !onu!ent on a stone pedestal with about 1,500 tons / the lar$est e'er !o'ed by !an / car'ed durin$ its transport to the present place" The e;uestrian statue of Peter ., the Great, was co!!issioned by #atherine .. and only after 12 years it was co!pleted / 17&2" The na!e 4ronCe 0orse!an co!es fro! the poe! by <le1sandr Push1in, fro! 1&33, considered one of the !ost si$nificant wor1s of Russian 3iterature" The statue is now one of the sy!bols of 2t" Petersbur$" *clic1-

athedral of 1ur Lady of 2a0an *1&10/1&11- , the !ain cathedral of the

!etropolis of 2t" Petersbur$"

athedral of 1ur Lady of 2a0an / in neoclassical style e=terior, architectural detail"

The 1ld Saint Petersburg Stoc" E!change buildin$ , 1&11 , and the south Rostral #olu!n are e=a!ples of Gree1 <rchitecture re'i'al" < sculptural $roup si!ilar in for! to a ;uadri$a featurin$ ?eptune and sy!boliCin$ !ariti!e co!!erce is !ounted abo'e the buildin$9s portico"

?e'a Ri'er and the Twel'e #olle$es of the 3ni&ersity of St. Petersburg, in continuous operation since 1&1% as the successor to the uni'ersity established in Eanuary 2+, 172+ by a decree of Peter, the Great, to$ether with the <cade!ic Gy!nasiu! and the <cade!y of 2ciences of 2t" Petersbur$"

Mi"hailo&s"y Palace, built in 1&1%/1&25, houses the State Russian Museum since 1&%5"

4usupo& Palace / The !ost su!ptuous non/i!perial palace was built in 17>0F in 1&30 was bou$ht
by the :u1e ?4 4usupo&" Dn a 'isit to .taly the eccentric :u1e fell in lo'e with a white !arble staircase and bou$ht the whole palace only to transport its stairs to 2t" Petersbur$" Today this palace is a !useu!"

The construction of a church in 2t" .saac 2;uare was already ordered by <le=ander ." This was the ori$in of the 1rthodo! athedral of St. )saac, which too1 +0 years to build , fro! 1&1& to 1&5&"

St. )saac5s athedral / the !ain do!e reaches 101"5 !eters hi$h and is all $old plated" .t
is also decorated with 12 statues of an$els"

Mariins"y 6heatre / Dpened in 1&>0, is a historic orchestra, opera, and

ballet theater *Giro' 2tate <cade!ic Theatre of Dpera and 4allet fro! 1%35 until 1%%2-" The na!e Giro' is now used by the 4allet #o!pany only in its e=cursions outside of Russia"

Mariins"y 6heatre , interior and royal bo=

-e&s"y Prospe"t, or -e&a / *Prospe1t, in Russian, !eans the street or a'enue in a strai$ht line- is
still the !ain a'enue of 2t" Petersbur$, planned by Peter the Great to be the be$innin$ of the road to ?o'o$orod and Moscow" This city9s proud !ilestone was cut throu$h nearly +"5 1! of forest *c171&and its width 'aries between 25 and >0 !eters"

Grand $otel Europe / a fi'e star hotel situated on the fa!ous ?e's1y street" .t was opened in
1&75 and is re$istered in the architectural herita$e of the ?orthern #apital , 2t" Petersbur$"

.n a su!!er ni$ht with the

hurch of 1ur Sa&ior on Spilled ,lood in bac1$roundH

H the sa!e place""" at a winter9s day"""

""" and the colors of 2prin$ returnin$ to 2t" Petersbur$, enhance the beauty of the

hurch of the Resurrection of hrist,

better 1nown as the

hurch of 1ur Sa&ior 1n the Spilled ,lood,

built between 1&&3 and 1%07" This !ar'elous Russian/ style church was built in honor to the !peror Ale!ander )) and in the place where he was assassinated in 1&&1"

<rchitectural details of the hurch of the Resurrection of hrist, or the hurch of 1ur Sa&iour 1n the Spilled ,lood.

Egyptian ,ridge , intersection of 3er!onto' <'enue o'er the Fontan1a Ri'er"

62phin=6 by sculptor Pa'el 2o1olo' / 1&25/1&2>"

,an" ,ridge / pedestrian brid$e o'er the Griboyedo' #anal, decorated with four !ytholo$ical
$olden/win$ed $riffons, sculpted by Pa'el 2o1olo' / nineteenth century"

%ostoye&s"y Memorial Museum / Fyodor :ostoye's1y, writer whose wor1s / includin$ 6#ri!e
and Punish!ent6 and 6The 4rothers Gara!aCo'6 / ha'e had profound and lastin$ effects on intellectual thou$ht and literature, wrote in this house 6#ri!e and Punish!ent,6 published in 1&>>"

Aurora ruiser , launched in 1%00, participated in the Russo/Eapanese war of 1%05,

and directin$ cannon fire a$ainst the Ainter Palace, has initiated and beca!e a sy!bol of the Dctober 1%17 4olshe'i1 Re'olution" Today, a doc1ed !useu!"

6roits"y bridge / a land!ar1 of <rt ?ou'eau, was co!pleted in 1%03, in ti!e for
the bi/centenial anni'ersary of 2aint Petersbur$"

7Singer7 ,uilding , created in <rt ?ou'eau *1%02/1%0+- at the corner of ?e's1y Prospect with
Griboyedo' #anal and in front of GaCan #athedral, it is officially reco$niCed as historic/cultural herita$e of Russia"

Facade of the 7Singer8 building, where the first boo1store of 2o'iet Russia was installed / %om 2nigi

The authoriCation for the construction of this brid$e by -icholas ) was part of a de'elop!ent plan for the city" 0owe'er it was built !uch later and inau$urated in 1%11 with the na!e of

Peter the Great ,ridge.

<t the will of 0istory in March 15, 1%17, the a$$re$ation of political opposition forces *liberals, bour$eois, and socialists- depose 6sar -icholas )), startin$ the Russian Re&olution" The Tsar was later !urdered alon$ with his fa!ily" St. Petersburg, that at that ti!e was already called Petrograd, lost its title of capital of the !pire to Moscow / capital of Russia"

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)mages ( from )nternet* Cith credits to authors* or from

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Music , 6chai"o&s"y , #alt0 of the FloCers from the nutcrac"er suite

,erlin Philharmonic conducted by SeiDi 10aCa

Ale!anderAle!andro& ( Russian -ational Anthem

with the Red Army

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reation* research and formatingE

%el0a %ias Ferreira

del0adferFgmail.com

English &ersion ( Re&isionE

Fla&io Musa de Freitas Guimares

laudia Ricci
,rasil ( So Paulo ( G))) ( HIIJ
reedited in G) / HIKH
*clic1-

CCC.culturesandart.com

6he End