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Chapter 2
Introduction
All
Mental (Intellectual)
Thinking
Emotional
Feeling
Social
Relating
Spiritual
Being
Health
values, attitudes, and beliefs Ability to reason, interpret, and remember Ability to sense, perceive, evaluate what is happening, and to solve problems
Emotional Health
The feeling part of psychosocial health
3.
4.
Emotions resulting from harm, loss, or threats Emotions resulting from benefits Borderline emotions such as hope and compassion Complex emotions such as grief, disappointment, bewilderment, and curiosity
healthy people respond appropriately to upsetting events Emotionally unhealthy people are overwhelmed and overpowered by upsetting events and feelings Emotional health affects social health:
Warm, welcoming vs. hostile and moody
Social Health
The relating part of psychosocial health
Interaction with others Ability to adapt to social situations Ability to listen, express opinions and beliefs, form relationships, and act responsibly
Social bonds
Reflect the general degree and nature of interpersonal contacts and interactions
supports
Structural and functional aspects of social interactions Refer to relationships that bring positive benefits to individuals Can be
Expressive
Health
Perhaps a belief in a unifying force that gives meaning to life Perhaps a belief in something greater than our personal and physical existence
Peace with oneself and the environment Feeling of empowerment and control Connectedness to oneself and others Sense of purpose Enjoyment of personal growth and potential Sense of hope
factors
Most reactions are a direct result of experiences and expectations 3 important external factors
Family
influences can be healthy and nurturing or dysfunctional showing negative behaviors and/or physical abuse Environmental influences include schools, health care, socioeconomic status Social bonds and social supports
factors
Include hereditary traits, physical health and fitness, and mental/emotional health Self-efficacy
A
belief in ones own skill Past success or failure leads to an expectation of further success or failure in that particular task or skill Positive self-efficacy gives a sense of personal control
factors continued
Self-esteem
Refers
to a sense of self-respect or confidence Different from self-efficacy in that it refers to the whole individual, not simply task-related confidence
Evaluation of oneself as worthwhile and cared about by others People with poor self-esteem do not like themselves and lack confidence
Determined by heredity, environment, culture, and experiences Is not static and changes through life Traits of psychosocially healthy personalities:
Extroversion Agreeableness Openness
Esteem
friendships and contact with family Get involved politically, join a club or recreational association
a history of success
Self-EfficacyIndividual Activity
Think
One in which you have a high level of selfefficacy One in which you have a low level of selfefficacy
List
several reasons why self-efficacy is more positive in the higher ranked task List several reasons how you can raise self-efficacy in the lower ranked task
Sleep
Serves 2 biological purposes
1. Conservation of energy Feeling rested 2. Restoration Re-supply of neurotransmitters
How much?
7-9 hours
continued
Establish a sleep schedule Establish a good sleep enviroment Exercise regularly Limit caffeine and alcohol Avoid heavy meals before bedtime Establish a nighttime ritual Nap only in the afternoon, if at all Get up if unable to fall asleep
Mind-Body Connection
Happiness
Experts not entirely clear how to achieve subjective well-being (SWB)
1. 2. 3.
Mind-Body Connection
Happiness
myths debunked:
Age doesnt matter Gender doesnt matter Race doesnt matter Money doesnt matter
Mind-Body Connection
Laughter
Limits negative effects of stressors Positive coping mechanism Helps battle depression and anxiety Brings people together (especially with those having shared experiences)
Psychosocial Disorders
Depression
Major depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders It is normal to feel down or depressed following traumatic loss
Those
with major depressive disorder experience extreme, persistent sadness, despair and hopelessness, feelings of intense guilt, and worthlessness Approximately 15% attempt suicide
Psychosocial Disorders
Depression
continued
Women experience depression almost twice the rate of men It can strike at any age, but generally the first experience occurs before 40 Risks:
Biology
(genetic history) Poor learned behavioral responses Cognitive factors (the way one thinks)
Psychosocial Disorders
Facts
about depression
True depression is a categorized psychiatric disorder, not the normal reaction to lifes low points Those with depression cannot simply stop being depressed Frequent crying does not signal a depressed person Depression is not an emotional reaction but a physiological one There is no one-size-fits-all therapy
Psychosocial Disorders
Anxiety
disorders
13% of all adults Costs nearly $50 billion per year in medical bills and lost worktime Include generalized anxiety disorders, panic disorder, and phobias
Psychosocial Disorders
Psychosocial Disorders
Panic
Disorder
Severe anxiety attack in which a particular situation, often for unknown reasons, causes terror Symptoms (pages 46-47)
Specific
Phobias
Phobias
Psychosocial Disorders
Seasonal
Strikes during winter months Sufferers experience irritability, apathy, carbohydrate craving, weight gain, increased sleep, and general sadness Those 20-40 are most at risk Light therapy, improved diet, exercise, stress management, and improved sleep habits can help
Psychosocial Disorders
Schizophrenia
of the sense Inability to sort incoming stimuli Altered sense of self Radical emotions, movements, behaviors
Suicide
35,000
to 100,000 cases per year Third leading cause of death Results from poor coping skills, lack of social support, self-esteem, and hope College students at high risk 75-80% give warning signs
Best way to prevent suicide is to eliminate risk factors (page 50)
Suicide
Taking
Monitor warning signals Take threats seriously Let the person know you care Listen Offer alternatives Tell the persons relatives and friends
1. Why do you think the college environment may provide a real challenge to your psychosocial health? 2. Think of someone you know who has high self-esteem. What characteristics does this person have? Do you enjoy being with someone who has high self-esteem? 3. What role does laughter play in your daily life? 4. How have psychosocial disorders been portrayed in movies? What are some specific examples? 5. How do you react to bad news? Do you think about how your reactions affect your mental and emotional health? 6. What is spirituality to you? Can your group agree on three factors associated with spirituality?