Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building

Presented by . Rahul Leslie

Part - IV

Methods of mode combinations

IS:1893 and other sources

Mode frequencies an overview:

Out-of-phase modes
OR

In-phase modes
ZPA OR

Periodic Response
I II III IV V VI 1.441 4.51 8.098 11.782 15.309 17.908
93.223 % 99.922 %

Rigid Response

VII VIII 69.357 103.083 (Hz)

33 Hz 0.077 %

Modal Combination (ABS, SRSS,CQC, etc.)

Missing Mass Correction

Combination of Periodic and Rigid modes (Lindley-Yow, Hadjian, etc. )

Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building Presented by Rahul Leslie

Combination of modal responses:

1. Absolute Combination (ABS)
The modal responses of all the individual modes are summed up:

Eg. for level 7,

ABS = 1.178 + -0.69 + 0.335 + -0.08 + 0.035 = 2.318

Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building

Presented by Rahul Leslie

Combination of modal responses (cont):

2. Square Root of Sum of Squares (SRSS)
The modal responses are squared, summed, and the root of the sum taken:

Eg. for level 7,

SRSS = [(1.178)2 + (-0.69)2 + (0.335)2 + (-0.08)2 + (0.035)2] = 1.409

Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building

Presented by Rahul Leslie

Combination of modal responses (cont):

3. Combination of ABS and SRSS (ABS&SRSS)
The weighted sum of ABS and SRSS is taken The method was prescribed in IS:1893-1984 (4.2.2.2, IS:1893(Part 1)-1984), removed in IS:1893-2002
H (m) 20 g1 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 g2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

Values for g are given by table Intermediate values can be obtained by interpolation Eg. for level 7,

40 60 90

ABS&SRSS = 0.6 x 2.318 + 0.4 x 1.408 = 1.954

Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building

Presented by Rahul Leslie

Combination of modal responses (cont):

4. SRSS with grouping
The ABS value of modal responses of modes with close frequencies (ie., their freq.s seperated by not more than 10%) are taken and the modal responses replaced by the ABS value The SRSS value of the modes and the ABSs values taken The method is prescribed in IS:1893-2002 as an alternative to CQC method (7.8.4.4(a)&(b), IS:1893(Part 1)-2002)
j and i are considered close if their difference does not exceed 10% of the lower frequency (3.2, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002 and all major codes)

Eg., if freq. are 2.2, 3.2, 7, 7.1, 8.6, 12.3, then SRSS is taken for 2.2, 3.2, ABS(7, 7.1), 8.6, 12.3
Presented by Rahul Leslie

Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building

Combination of modal responses (cont):

5. Out-of-phase response combination
This is a general category of methods, which includes CQC and SRSS The general equation is

where rij is the cross modal coefficient a) SRSS method

SRSS can be represented as rij = 1 for i=j = 0 for ij

Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building

Presented by Rahul Leslie

Combination of modal responses (cont):

5. Out-of-phase response combination (cont..)
b) Ten Percent Method (TPM)
TPM can be represented as: For well separated modes, rij = 1 for i=j = 0 for ij For modes separated by not more than 10% rij = 1 for Qi and Qj having same sign = -1 for Qi and Qj having opposite sign The method is not supported by IS:1893

Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building

Presented by Rahul Leslie

Combination of modal responses (cont):

5. Out-of-phase response combination (cont..)
c) Complete Quadratic Combination (CQC)
The CQC equation prescribed by IS:1893-2002 is (7.8.4.4,
IS:1893(Part 1)-2002)

The CQC equation prescribed by NRC is

where is the damping ratio ( 0.05 for RCC) and = j/i

Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building

Presented by Rahul Leslie

Combination of modal responses (cont):

5. Out-of-phase response combination (cont..)
d) Double Sum Combination (DSC)
The DSC equation is

where s is the duration of earthquake, varying from 14 to 40 sec. The requirement for the effective duration of earthquake makes this equation not useful The method is not supported by IS:1893
Presented by Rahul Leslie

Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building

Combination of modal responses (cont):

5. Out-of-phase response combination (cont..)
e) Gupthas Method
The equation is

where

This method removes the handicap that DSC has The method is not supported by IS:1893

Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building

Presented by Rahul Leslie

Results of mode combinations

Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building

Presented by Rahul Leslie

Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building

Presented by Rahul Leslie

Missing Mass Correction

Missing Mass Correction :

I II III IV V VI 1.441 4.51 8.098 11.782 15.309 17.908

ZPA

VII VIII 69.357 103.083 (Hz)

33 Hz 99.922 % 0.077 %

Missing Mass = 0.077% of total mass Zero Period Acceleration (3.11, IS:1893(Part 1)-2002) = 1.6

Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building

Presented by Rahul Leslie

Missing Mass Correction :

Zero Period Acceleration = 1.0 (3.11, IS:1893(Part 1)-Proposed Draft)

Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building Presented by Rahul Leslie

Missing Mass Correction :

I II III IV V VI 1.441 4.51 8.098 11.782 15.309 17.908

ZPA

VII VIII 69.357 103.083 (Hz)

33 Hz 99.922 % 0.077 %

Missing Mass = 0.077% of total mass Zero Period Acceleration, (Sa/g)ZPA = 1.6 Horizontal acceleration coefficient, Ah

Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building

Presented by Rahul Leslie

Missing Mass Correction (cont):

Lateral force, QR is given by

where
Mmiss.mass is the missing mass Mk(ZPA) is sum of Participating masses up to ZPA

Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building

Presented by Rahul Leslie

Ah =

0.16 x 1
2x3

X (1.6) = 0.04266

0 0.0182 0.0182

0 0.0008 0.0008

23.57
0.077 100 23.57

0.0182
0.0182 = 0.0182 0.0182 0.0182 0.0182

23.57 23.57 23.57 23.57

0.04266 x

0.0182 0.0182 0.0182 0.0182

0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008

SRSS

0 0.5755 0.9114

QP =

0.9741 1.0422 1.116 1.4002

Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building

Presented by Rahul Leslie

Combination of Periodic and Rigid Responses

(Not supported by IS:1893)

Skip

Combination of Periodic and Rigid Responses :

1. Lindley-Yow Method
Each modal response Q is separated into an in-phase (Periodic) component QR and an out-of-phase (Rigid) component QP based on

provided

Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building

Presented by Rahul Leslie

Combination of Periodic and Rigid Responses (cont):

1. Lindley-Yow Method (Cont..)
The in-phase (Periodic) component QR and an out-ofphase (Rigid) component QP are defined as

Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building

Presented by Rahul Leslie

Combination of Periodic and Rigid Responses (cont):

1. Lindley-Yow Method (Cont..)
The in-phase components are combined by algebraic sum

The out-of-phase components are combined by CQC method

Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building

Presented by Rahul Leslie

Combination of Periodic and Rigid Responses (cont):

1. Lindley-Yow Method (Cont..)
The combined in-phase component and the combined outof-phase component are combined by SRSS method

Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building

Presented by Rahul Leslie

Combination of Periodic and Rigid Responses (cont):

2. Hadjian Method
Each modal response Q is separated into an in-phase (Periodic) component QR and an out-of-phase (Rigid) component QP based on

provided

(Same as Lindley-Yow)
Skip Hadjian
Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building Presented by Rahul Leslie

Combination of Periodic and Rigid Responses (cont):

2. Hadjian Method (Cont..)
The in-phase (Periodic) component QR and an out-ofphase (Rigid) component QP are defined as (Same as Lindley-Yow)

(different from Lindley-Yow)

Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building

Presented by Rahul Leslie

Combination of Periodic and Rigid Responses (cont):

2. Hadjian Method (Cont..)
The in-phase components are combined by algebraic sum (Same as Lindley-Yow) The out-of-phase components are combined by CQC method (Same as Lindley-Yow)

Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building

Presented by Rahul Leslie

Combination of Periodic and Rigid Responses (cont):

2. Hadjian Method (Cont..)
The combined in-phase component and the combined outof-phase component are combined by ABS method (different from Lindley-Yow)

Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building

Presented by Rahul Leslie

Lindley-Yow
QR
0 0.604 0.6668 0.5879 0.666 0.6042 0.636

Q
0 0.67588

SRSS
QP
0 0.3033 0.488 0.4987 0.5084 0.5331 0.697

0.82633 0.77092 0.83788 0.80574 0.94354

Seismic Analysis of Multi-storied RC Building

Presented by Rahul Leslie

End of Part - IV