Artificial contraceptives

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1.

MECHANICAL DEVICES * condoms & diaphragms - prevent sperm cells from reaching and fertilizing an egg
* intrauterine devices (IUD) - prevents the embryo from being implanted in the uterine

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2. Hormonal methods * pills * injections * subcutaneous implants They alter the menstrual cycle, preventing ovulation, and thus conception.
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3. CHEMICALS

* spermicides - kill the sperm or block sperm from entering the uterus, thus preventing fertilization

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Permanent Methods of Birth Control

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These methods are resorted to by couples who no longer desire to have more children or when mothers have difficult pregnancies.

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 Vasectomy - involves tying and cutting part of the sperm to prevent the ejaculation of the sperm Tubal ligation - involves tying and cutting part the oviducts to prevent the egg from meeting the sperm

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Natural Family Planning Methods

Refers to the different methods of avoiding pregnancy by observing the fertile days of the woman and abstaining from sex during this period

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a. The Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) The six month period after a mother gives birth is considered safe, provided that two conditions are fully met: i) Her menstrual period has not returned since delivery ii) She is breastfeeding her baby and her milk is the only food that her baby consumes
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b. The Cervical Mucus Method (CMM) This requires daily observation of the womans cervical mucus. It is safe when the woman feels dry or when there are no mucus secretions

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c. The Two Day Method (TDM) offshoot of the CMM A woman is fertile if she has no mucus secretions for two consecutive days. Like the CMM, this needs daily observation and monitoring using a chart
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d. The Basal Body Temperature (BBT) Relies on charting the daily temperature of a woman A womans temperature rises 0.2 to 0.5 degrees during ovulation period

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e. Sympto-Thermal Method (STM) This is a combination of observing the cervical mucus secretion of the woman and her body temperature

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f. Standard Day Method (SDM) or Cycle Beads applicable to women whose menstrual cycle are from 26-32 days The woman counts the days of her menstrual cycle starting with the first day of menstruation. The 8-9 days of the cycle are the fertile period while the rest are the non-fertile period. Color-coded cycle beads
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Vital points to keep in mind In planning a family:

The religious aspect The moral aspect The physical aspect The social aspect The economic aspect The mental and emotional aspect
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