Software Engineering B.

Tech IT/II Sem-II

Term: 2008-2009 Unit-4 PPT SLI ES Te!t Boo"#:$.Software Engineering% & 'ractitioner(# a''roach )oger #. Pre##man *th e+ition ,c-raw.i// 2.Software Engineering Somer0i//e 1th e+ition

U2IT 4 S3LL&BUS
4 Design Engineering : e#ign 'roce## an+ e#ign 56a/it7% e#ign conce't#% the +e#ign mo+e/. 4 Creating an architectural design : Software architect6re% ata +e#ign% &rchitect6ra/ #t7/e# an+ 'attern#% &rchitect6ra/ e#ign.

I2 E8 Unit-4 PPTS
S.No
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Topic
e#ign Proce## 9 e#ign :6a/it7 e#ign ;once't# &<#traction% &rchitect6re% Pattern#% ,o+6/arit7 e#ign ;once't# --Information .i+ing% >6nctiona/ In+e'en+ence )efinement% )efactoring% e#ign c/a##e#

Lecture No
L$ L2

PPTSlides
4 1

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$2

-- ata e#ign E/ement#% &rchitect6ra/ e#ign E/ement#% ;om'onent Le0e/ e#ign E/ement#% e'/o7ment Le0e/ e#ign E/ement# ;reating an architect6ra/ +e#ign: Software &rchitect6re ata e#ign &rchitect6ra/ #t7/e# an+ 'attern#

e#ign ,o+e/#

L4

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L? L* L1

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ESI-2 E2-I2EE)I2ESI-2 P)@;ESS &2 ESI-2 :U&LIT3

A E2;@,P&SSES the #et of 'rinci'/e#% conce't# an+ 'ractice# that /ea+ to the +e0e/o'ment of high 56a/it7 #7#tem or 'ro+6ct A e#ign create# a re're#entation or mo+e/ of the #oftware A e#ign mo+e/ 'ro0i+e# +etai/# a<o6t S/B architect6re% interface# an+ com'onent# that are nece##ar7 to im'/ement the #7#tem A :6a/it7 i# e#ta</i#he+ +6ring e#ign A e#ign #ho6/+ e!hi<it firmne##% commo+it7 an+ +e#ign A e#ign #it# at the "erne/ of S/B Engineering A e#ign #et# the #tage for con#tr6ction
4

:U&LIT3 -UI ELI2ES

4 U#e# recogniCa</e architect6ra/ #t7/e# or 'attern# 4 ,o+6/arD that i# /ogica//7 'artitione+ into e/ement# or #6<#7#tem# 4 i#tinct re're#entation of +ata% architect6re% interface# an+ com'onent# 4 &''ro'riate +ata #tr6ct6re# for the c/a##e# to <e im'/emente+ 4 In+e'en+ent f6nctiona/ characteri#tic# for com'onent# 4 Interface# that re+6ce# com'/e!it7 of connection 4 )e'eata</e metho+
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:U&LIT3 &TT)IBUTES
4
4
4

>U)PS 56a/it7 attri<6te# >6nctiona/it7 E >eat6re #et an+ ca'a<i/itie# of 'rogram# E Sec6rit7 of the o0era// #7#tem U#a<i/it7 E 6#er-frien+/ine## E &e#thetic# E ;on#i#tenc7 E oc6mentation )e/ia<i/it7 E E0a/6ate+ <7 mea#6ring the fre56enc7 an+ #e0erit7 of fai/6re E ,TT> S6''orta<i/it7 E E!ten#i<i/it7 E &+a'ta<i/it7 E Ser0icea<i/it7
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ESI-2 ;@2;EPTS
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 $. &<#traction# 2. &rchitect6re =. Pattern# 4. ,o+6/arit7 ?. Information .i+ing *. >6nctiona/ In+e'en+ence 1. )efinement 8. )e-factoring 9. e#ign ;/a##e#

ESI-2 ;@2;EPTS
4 4 4 &BST)&;TI@2 ,an7 /e0e/# of a<#traction .ighe#t /e0e/ of a<#traction : So/6tion i# #/ate+ in <roa+ term# 6#ing the /ang6age of the 'ro</em en0ironment 4 Lower /e0e/# of a<#traction : ,ore +etai/e+ +e#cri'tion of the #o/6tion i# 'ro0i+e+ 4 Proce+6ra/ a<#traction -- )efer# to a #e56ence of in#tr6ction# that a #'ecific an+ /imite+ f6nction 4 ata a<#traction -- 2ame+ co//ection of +ata that +e#cri<e a +ata o<Fect
8

ESI-2 ;@2;EPTS
4 &);.ITE;TU)E --Str6ct6re organiCation
of 'rogram com'onent# Gmo+6/e#H an+ their interconnection 4 &rchitect6re ,o+e/# GaH. Str6ct6ra/ ,o+e/# -- &n organi#e+ co//ection of 'rogram com'onent# G<H. >ramewor" ,o+e/# -- )e're#ent# the +e#ign in more a<#tract wa7 GcH. 7namic ,o+e/# -- )e're#ent# the <eha0iora/ a#'ect# in+icating change# a# a f6nction of e!terna/ e0ent# G+H. Proce## ,o+e/# -- >oc6# on the +e#ign of the <6#ine## or technica/ 'roce##
9

P&TTE)2S
4 Pro0i+e# a +e#cri'tion to ena</e# a +e#igner to +etermine the fo//owing# : GaH. Bhether the 'attern i# a''/ica</e to the c6rrent wor" G<H. Bhether the 'attern can <e re6#e+ GcH. Bhether the 'attern can #er0e a# a g6i+e for +e0e/o'ing a #imi/ar <6t f6nctiona//7 or #tr6ct6ra//7 +ifferent 'attern
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,@ UL&)IT3
4 4 4 4 4 4 i0i+e# #oftware into #e'arate/7 name+ an+ a++re##a</e com'onent#% #ometime# ca//e+ mo+6/e# ,o+6/e# are integrate+ to #ati#f7 'ro</em re56irement# ;on#i+er two 'ro</em# '$ an+ '2. If the com'/e!it7 of '$ i# c'$ an+ of '2 i# c'2 then effort to #o/0e '$Ic'$ an+ effort to #o/0e '2Ic'2 If c'$Jc'2 then e'$Je'2 The com'/e!it7 of two 'ro</em# when the7 are com<ine+ i# often greater than the #6m of the 'ercei0e+ com'/e!it7 when each i# ta"en #e'arate/7 Ba#e+ on i0i+e an+ ;on56er #trateg7 : it i# ea#ier to #o/0e a com'/e! 'ro</em when <ro"en into #6<-mo+6/e#
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I2>@),&TI@2 .I I24 Information containe+ within a mo+6/e i# inacce##i</e to other mo+6/e# who +o not nee+ #6ch information 4 &chie0e+ <7 +efining a #et of In+e'en+ent mo+6/e# that comm6nicate with one another on/7 that information nece##ar7 to achie0e S/B f6nction 4 Pro0i+e# the greate#t <enefit# when mo+ification# are re56ire+ +6ring te#ting an+ /ater 4 Error# intro+6ce+ +6ring mo+ification are /e## /i"e/7 to 'ro'agate to other /ocation within the S/B

$2

>U2;TI@2&L I2 EPE2 E2;E

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 & +irect o6tgrowth of ,o+6/arit7. a<#traction an+ information hi+ing. &chie0e+ <7 +e0e/o'ing a mo+6/e with #ing/e min+e+ f6nction an+ an a0er#ion to e!ce##i0e interaction with other mo+6/e#. Ea#ier to +e0e/o' an+ ha0e #im'/e interface Ea#ier to maintain <eca6#e #econ+ar7 effect# ca6#e+ < +e#ign or co+e mo+ification are /imite+% error 'ro'agation i# re+6ce+ an+ re6#a</e mo+6/e# are 'o##i</e. In+e'en+ence i# a##e##e+ <7 two 56antitati0e criteria: G$H ;ohe#ion G2H ;o6'/ing ;ohe#ion -- Perform# a #ing/e ta#" re56iring /itt/e interaction with other com'onent# ;o6'/ing --,ea#6re of interconnection among mo+6/e# ;o6'/ing #ho6/+ <e /ow an+ cohe#ion #ho6/+ <e high for goo+ +e#ign $=

)E>I2E,E2T 9 )E>&;T@)I24 REFINEMENT

4 Proce## of e/a<oration from high /e0e/ a<#traction to the /owe#t /e0e/ a<#traction 4 .igh /e0e/ a<#traction <egin# with a #tatement of f6nction# 4 )efinement ca6#e# the +e#igner to e/a<orate 'ro0i+ing more an+ more +etai/# at #6cce##i0e /e0e/ of a<#traction# 4 &<#traction an+ refinement are com'/ementar7 conce't#. 4 )efactoring 4 @rganiCation techni56e that #im'/ifie# the +e#ign of a com'onent witho6t changing it# f6nction or <eha0ior. 4 E!amine# for re+6n+anc7% 6n6#e+ +e#ign e/ement# an+ inefficient or 6nnece##ar7 a/gorithm#

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ESI-2 ;L&SSES
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ;/a## re're#ent# a +ifferent /a7er of +e#ign architect6re. >i0e t7'e# of e#ign ;/a##e# $. U#er interface c/a## -- efine# a// a<#traction# that are nece##ar7 for h6man com'6ter interaction 2. B6#ine## +omain c/a## -- )efinement of the ana/7#i# c/a##e# that i+entit7 attri<6te# an+ #er0ice# to im'/ement #ome of <6#ine## +omain =.Proce## c/a## -- im'/ement# /ower /e0e/ <6#ine## a<#traction# re56ire+ to f6//7 manage the <6#ine## +omain c/a##e# 4.Per#i#tent c/a## -- )e're#ent +ata #tore# that wi// 'er#i#t <e7on+ the e!ec6tion of the #oftware ?.S7#tem c/a## -- Im'/ement# management an+ contro/ f6nction# to o'erate an+ comm6nicate within the com'6ter en0ironment an+ with the o6t#i+e wor/+.
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T.E

ESI-2 ,@ EL

4 &na/7#i# 0iewe+ in two +ifferent +imen#ion# a# 'roce## +imen#ion an+ a<#tract +imen#ion. 4 Proce## +imen#ion in+icate# the e0o/6tion of the +e#ign mo+e/ a# +e#ign ta#"# are e!ec6te+ a# 'art of #oftware 'roce##. 4 &<#traction +imen#ion re're#ent# the /e0e/ of +etai/# a# each e/ement of the ana/7#i# mo+e/ i# tran#forme+ into +e#ign e56i0a/ent ata e#ign e/ement# 4 -- ata +e#ign create# a mo+e/ of +ata that i# re're#ente+ at a high /e0e/ of a<#traction 4 -- )efine+ 'rogre##i0e/7 to more im'/ementation-#'ecific re're#entation for 'roce##ing <7 the com'6ter <a#e #7#tem 4 -- Tran#/ation of +ata mo+e/ into a +ata <a#e i# 'i0ota/ to achie0ing <6#ine## o<Fecti0e of a #7#tem
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T.E

ESI-2 ,@ EL

&rchitect6ra/ +e#ign e/ement# 4 eri0e+ from three #o6rce# 4 G$H Information a<o6t the a''/ication +omain of the #oftware 4 G2H &na/7#i# mo+e/ #6ch a# +ataf/ow +iagram# or ana/7#i# c/a##e#. 4 G=H &rchitect6ra/ 'attern an+ #t7/e# Interface e#ign e/ement# 4 -- Set of +etai/e+ +rawing# con#tit6ting: 4 G$H U#er interface 4 G2H E!terna/ interface# to other #7#tem#%+e0ice# etc 4 G=H Interna/ interface# <etween 0ario6# com'onent#
$1

T.E

ESI-2 ,@ EL

e'/o7ment /e0e/ +e#ign e/ement# 4 -- In+icate# how #oftware f6nctiona/it7 an+ #6<#7#tem wi// <e a//ocate+ with in the 'h7#ica/ com'6ting en0ironment 4 -- U,L +e'/o7ment +iagram i# +e0e/o'e+ an+ refine+ ;om'onent /e0e/ +e#ign e/ement# 4 -->6//7 +e#cri<e the interna/ +etai/# of each #oftware com'onent 4 U,L +iagram can <e 6#e+
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;)E&TI2- &2 &);.ITE;TU)&L ESI-2

4 Bhat i# S@>TB&)E &);.ITE;TU)E The #oftware architect6re of a 'rogram or com'6ting #7#tem i# the #tr6ct6re or #tr6ct6re# of the #7#tem% which com'ri#e #oftware com'onent#% the e!terna//7 0i#i</e 'ro'ertie# of tho#e com'onent# an+ the re/ation#hi' among them.

$9

4 Software &rchitect6re i# not the o'erationa/ #oftware. 4 It i# a re're#entation that ena</e# a #oftware engineer to
&na/7Ce the effecti0ene## of the +e#ign in meeting it# #tate+ re56irement#. con#i+er architect6ra/ a/ternati0e at a #tage when ma"ing +e#ign change# i# #ti// re/ati0e/7 ea#7 . )e+6ce# the ri#" a##ociate+ with the con#tr6ction of the #oftware.

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4 Bh7 I# &rchitect6re Im'ortantK Three "e7 rea#on# --)e're#entation# of #oftware architect6re ena</e# comm6nication an+ 6n+er#tan+ing <etween #ta"eho/+er# --.igh/ight# ear/7 +e#ign +eci#ion# to create an o'erationa/ entit7. --con#tit6te# a mo+e/ of #oftware com'onent# an+ their interconnection
2$

ata e#ign
4 The +ata +e#ign action tran#/ate# +ata o<Fect# +efine+ a# 'art of the ana/7#i# mo+e/ into +ata #tr6ct6re# at the com'onent /e0e/ an+ a +ata<a#e architect6re at a''/ication /e0e/ when nece##ar7.

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DATA DESI N AT ARC!ITECT"RE LE#EL

4 4 4

ata #tr6ct6re at 'rogramming /e0e/ ata <a#e at a''/ication /e0e/ ata wareho6#e at <6#ine## /e0e/.

2=

DATA DESI N AT C$MP$NENT LE#EL

4 Princi'/e# for +ata #'ecification: 4 $. Pro'er #e/ection of +ata o<Fect# an+ +ata an+ +ata mo+e/# 4 2.I+entification of attri<6te an+ f6nction# an+ their enca'#6/ation of the#e within a c/a## 4 =.,echani#m for re're#entation of the content of each +ata o<Fect. ;/a## +iagram# ma7 <e 6#e+ 4 4.)efinement of +ata +e#ign e/ement# from re56irement ana/7#i# to com'onent /e0e/ +e#ign. 4 ?.Information hi+ing 4 *.& /i<rar7 of 6#ef6/ +ata #tr6ct6re# an+ o'eration# <e +e0e/o'e+. 4 1.Software +e#ign an+ PL #ho6/+ #6''ort the #'ecification an+ rea/iCation of a<#tract +ata t7'e#..
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&);.ITE;TU)&L ST3LES
4 e#cri<e# a #7#tem categor7 that encom'a##e#: 4 G$H a #et of components 4 G2H a #et of connectors that ena</e# Lcomm6nication an+ coor+ination 4 G=H ;onstraints that +efine how com'onent# 4 can <e integrate+ to form the #7#tem 4 G4H Semantic models to 6n+er#tan+ the o0era// 'ro'ertie# of a #7#tem

2?

2*

Data%&lo' architectures
4 Show# the f/ow of in'6t +ata% it# com'6tationa/ com'onent# an+ o6t'6t +ata 4 Str6ct6re i# a/#o ca//e+ 'i'e an+ >i/ter 4 Pi'e 'ro0i+e# 'ath for f/ow of +ata 4 >i/ter# mani'6/ate +ata an+ wor" in+e'en+ent of it# neigh<oring fi/ter 4 If +ata f/ow +egenerate# into a #ing/e /ine of tran#form% it i# terme+ a# <atch #e56entia/.

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28

Call and return architectures

4 4 4 4 4 &chie0e# a #tr6ct6re that i# ea#7 to mo+if7 an+ #ca/e Two #6< #t7/e# G$H ,ain 'rogram/#6< 'rogram architect6re -- ;/a##ic 'rogram #tr6ct6re -- ,ain 'rogram in0o"e# a n6m<er of com'onent#% which in t6rn in0o"e #ti// other com'onent# 4 G2H )emote 'roce+6re ca// architect6re 4 -- ;om'onent# of main 'rogram/#6<'rogram are +i#tri<6te+ acro## com'6ter# o0er networ"

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$()ect%oriented architectures
4 The com'onent# of a #7#tem enca'#6/ate +ata an+ the o'eration# 4 ;omm6nication an+ coor+ination <etween com'onent# i# +one 0ia me##age

=0

La*ered architectures
4 & n6m<er of +ifferent /a7er# are +efine+ 4 Inner La7erG interface with @SH 4 Interme+iate La7er Uti/it7 #er0ice# an+ a''/ication f6nctionH 4 @6ter La7er GU#er interfaceH

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>I-: La7ere+ &rchitect6re

=2

&);.ITE;TU)&L P&TTE)2S
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 & tem'/ate that #'ecifie# a''roach for #ome <eha0iora/ characteri#tic# of the #7#tem Pattern# are im'o#e+ on the architect6ra/ #t7/e# Pattern omain# $.;onc6rrenc7 --.an+/e# m6/ti'/e ta#"# that #im6/ate# 'ara//e/i#m. --&''roache#GPattern#H GaH @'erating #7#tem 'roce## management 'attern G<H & ta#" #che+6/er 'attern 2.Per#i#tence -- ata #6r0i0e# 'a#t the e!ec6tion of the 'roce## --&''roache# GPattern#H GaH ata <a#e management #7#tem 'attern G<H &''/ication Le0e/ 'er#i#tence PatternG wor+ 'roce##ing #oftwareH =. i#tri<6tion -- &++re##e# the comm6nication of #7#tem in a +i#tri<6te+ en0ironment --&''roache#GPattern#H GaH Bro"er Pattern -- &ct# a# mi++/eman <etween c/ient an+ #er0er.
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