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The basics
The microphone is your primary tool in the sound chain from sound source to audio storage medium.
Types of Microphones
There are three main types of
microphones:
They operate on a
magnetic principle : movement of a copper coil around a magnet causes a changing flow of electrons that represent the sound wave
close mic applications (1-12 inches) snare drums, guitar amplifiers, kick drum,
vocals and any instrument that can play loud.
These microphones often miss the many subtle nuances of sounds because it takes a lot of sound pressure to move the coil.
2) Ribbon microphones
Example: Beyer M 160 a metallic ribbon is
suspended between two poles of a magnet. Sound waves vibrate the metallic ribbon which causes a varying flow of electrons to the different poles of the magnet
Used in close mic applications (1-12 inches) Often used for acoustic guitars. Also work well
for vocals.
3) Condenser/Capacitor microphones
Example: Audio Technica AT 4033 How do condenser microphones
work? A charged electrical current is applied to a metal-coated piece of plastic. the coating vibrates sympathetically in response to a sound wave because it is very thin. The metal-coated piece of plastic is positioned close to a piece of metallic alloy. The changes in the space between the surfaces create a changing discharge of electrical current. It makes an electrical version of acoustic energy from the sound source.
extremely effective with quiet sounds the perfect choice for capturing room ambience.
Frequency Response
Most microphones respond to frequencies within
and beyond the human range of hearing.
Pre-amplifiers
Although a microphone can be plugged directly into a mixing
board, better results are often achieved by using a pre-amplifier.
Conclusion
Effective sound miking requires lots of
experimentation.