Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Chapter Objectives
To explain how knowledge sharing systems help users share their knowledge, both tacit and explicit: For tacit knowledgesystems utilized by communities of practice, particularly those that meet virtually For explicit knowledgeknowledge repositories To present the different types of knowledge repositories To demonstrate how sharing systems serve to organize and distribute organizational and individual knowledge
Becerra-Fernandez & Sabherwal -- Knowledge Management 2010 M.E. Sharpe
Corporate Memory
Corporate Memory (also known as an organizational memory) is made up of the aggregate intellectual assets of an organization. It is the combination of both explicit and tacit knowledge. The loss of Corporate Memory often results from a lack of appropriate technologies for the organization and exchange of documents or employee layoffs.
Becerra-Fernandez & Sabherwal -- Knowledge Management 2010 M.E. Sharpe
2.
Workflow Management
set of tools that support defining, creating, and managing the execution of workflow processes Analysis and optimization Audit of necessary skills and resources Replication and reuse of stored processes
Becerra-Fernandez & Sabherwal -- Knowledge Management 2010 M.E. Sharpe
1. Collection and systematic organization of information from various sources 2. Minimization of up-front knowledge engineering 3. Exploiting user feedback for maintenance and evolution 4. Integration into existing environment 5. Active presentation of relevant information
3. If they dont measure and state their benefitsrequired of any business initiative 4. If they store knowledge in textual representationsknowledge artifacts that are stored in textual format may lack the adequate representation structure, including long texts that are hard to review, read, and interpret 5. If users are afraid of the consequences of their contributionsprovide incentives for the employees contributions to the knowledge repository, there may be some organizational barriers that actively act against knowledge sharing 6. If users perceive a lack of leadership support, lack an understanding of the generalities that would make their knowledge useful, or just dont feel its worth their time to make a contribution
Becerra-Fernandez & Sabherwal -- Knowledge Management 2010 M.E. Sharpe
Incident Reports
Yes
No
Yes
No
Organization
Alerts
Yes
No
Yes
No
Industry
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Organization
Possibly
Yes
No
Yes
Industry
Self-Assessment
Participation
Whole personnel
Knowledge Taxonomy
Own
Profiles all researchers at universities (public and private) who are active in funded research in FL None required
Yes Supervisor
Own for competency assessment, none required for database and Web content mining Yes Optional user maintenance for career summary and competency management, none required for database and Web content mining Technology, Expertise Coldfusion, MS Access, and multiple existing DB platforms
Authority files
lists of terms used to control the variant names in a particular field, and link preferred terms to nonpreferred terms control the taxonomy vocabulary
SAGE Architecture
Expert Seeker is an organizational expertiselocator KMS used to locate experts at NASA The main difference between Expert Seeker and SAGE is that the former searches for expertise at NASA (KSC and GSFC), while the latter is on the Web and seeks expertise at various universities
POPS System
Expands on Expert Seeker approach of reusing existing information sources with their integration Displays the social network between the user and the people who work on the same projects and people with the same skill sets and competencies Know-who system Allows project managers to find intermediaries to talk about potential project members, their abilities, interests, qualifications
Becerra-Fernandez & Sabherwal -- Knowledge Management 2010 M.E. Sharpe
POPS System
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Communities of Practice
Decreasing new employees learning curves
new employees identify subject matter experts foster relationships with more senior employees mentor-protg relationships for career development understand the larger organizational context of their individual tasks identify experts that can address customer issues relevant codified knowledge can often be reused locate, access, and apply existing knowledge in new situations common virtual workspace to store, organize, and download presentations, tools, and other valuable materials Metadata is used to identify authors and subject matter experts create trust within the organization by helping individuals build reputations both as experts and for their willingness to help others forum in which employees are able to share perspectives about a topic Discussing diverse views within the community can often spark innovation provides a safe environment where people feel comfortable about sharing their experiences
Conclusions
In this chapter you learned: What are knowledge sharing systems Design considerations for knowledge sharing systems Specific types of such systems: lessons learned systems, knowledge repositories, and expertise locator systems Case studies of ELS: Postdoc SAGE Expert Finder, to locate experts in Florida Expert Seeker, to identify experts at NASA. POP Blue Reach Communities of practice are important to share tacit knowledge