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diseases
Dr .Khurram Zafar
Salivary glands
An introduction to there anatomy and physiology
Introduction
Salivary glands are exocrine gland ( they have
duct system to flow there secretions) The saliva that is produced by these glands is brought to the oral cavity. The main function of the saliva is the lubrication of the food that is being chewed and assisting in deglutition Saliva also performs digestion of the carbohydrates by the enzyme it has
Parotid gland
It is enclosed in a well defined connective tissue
capsule with its superficial part lying in front of the ear and the deeper part lying in the retromandibular fossa. Its secretory duct is the stansons duct which opens in the buccal mucosa oppsite to the 2nd maxillary molar Its a pure serous gland All the five terminal branches of the facial nerve pass through the parotid gland .
Parotid gland
Parotid gland
Submandibular gland
This gland is also enveloped by a well
developed capsule. It is located in the submandibular triangle behind and below the free border of the mylohyoid muscle with its small extension lying above the mylohyoid. Its has a whartons duct, which opens at the lingual freenum on the floor of the mouth. It has a mixed secretion both serous and mucous
Submandibular gland
Sublingual gland
It lies in between the floor of the mouth
and the mylohyoid muscle,it is composed of large main part and small numerous glands. Its duct is the Bartholins duct which opens with in or adjacent to the whartons duct. Iis a mixed gland too.
Mucous cells
These cells are also specialized for the
synthesis, storage and secretion of secretory product. The apex of these cells appear empty except for some thin strands of cytoplasm forming trabacular network. The nucleus and some cytoplasm is pushed towards the base of the cell.
Mucous cells
The secretory product of the mucous cells differ
from the serous cells in two important respect. 1. they have little or no enzymatic activity and only serve the purpose of lubrication. 2. the ratio of carbohydrate is greater to that of the protein with large amount of sialac acid.
Myoepithelial cells
These cells are closely related to the secretory
and the intercalated duct system. The body of the cell is small filled with a flattened nucleus and numerous branching cytoplasmic processes. These cells are considered to have a contractile function helping to expel secretions from the lumina of the secretory units and the ducts.
Classification
Of salivary glands
Reactive lesions
Mucocele Mucus retention cysts Sialolitiasis Chronic sclerosing sialadenitis Necrotizing sialometaplasia
Salivary infections
Acute parotitis Viral endemic parotitis(Mumps) Bacterial sialadenitis
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Adenoid cystic carcinoma Acinic cell carcinoma Polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma Other adenocarcinomas