TOPIC 3

Concept of teaching
Can be explained as a process which is related with the imparting of knowledge or skills so that students can acquire them effectively .

Teaching as a PROCESS
In order to achieve the aim of teaching , the teaching process has to be implemented systematically .

Planning and Organizing

Implementation

Assessment

Feedback

Teaching as a form of COMMUNICATION

Teacher oriented ( one way communication process )

Teacher instructs

Pupils listen

Pupils ask questions

Teachers response

Teaching as a SCIENTIFIC activity

Based on the applications of principles and methods through research studies All the planning , organisation , presentation , and evaluation process of teaching are all based on the results of educational studies by educational psychologists and educationists according to the potential development of the pupils .

Teaching as an Artistic activity

Teaching involves human emotions , values , behaviours and individual techniques . Teacher has to be innovative an d creative to handle students with different levels of potential Therefore , teacher need to be competent by mastered the art of teaching .

Teaching strategy or method should contain elements such as arts and science .

2 important elements : teacher and student

Teacher : Instructor Student : Learner

Two-way interaction between teacher and student .

Teaching also includes : teaching plan , teaching objective , teaching place , teaching materials ,teaching strategy , method and technique .

Characteristics of Teaching

Teaching is meaningful when learning occurs.

Teaching activities : Instruction -> Training -> Indoctrination -> Conditioning

Teaching activity : Teacher oriented activity , studentoriented activity , teacher and student oriented activity or teaching materialoriented activity .

Meaningful teaching should have achievement or assignment

Includes thinking process , application of language and symbols

CONCEPT OF LEARNING

Learning as an experience which produces a relatively permanent change in potential behavior. (Kimble, 1961)

EXCLUDES

Natural changes due to biological growth or development.

Temporary changes due to effects of drugs or physical fatigue.

Acquisition of knowledge & skills.

Personal tastes.

Learning
includes..

Formation of habit.

Emotional responses.

Personality traits.

CONCEPT OF LEARNING PROCESS

Stimuli.

Changes in behavior.

Selection of suitable stimuli by sensory organs.

To apply in a similar situation.

Process its meaning through thinking.

Form new experience or knowledge.

Principles of Learning

For effective learning, it depends on the extrinsic motivation & intrinsic motivation

The satisfaction from learning would encourage the learner to continue such effort.

Conditional learning emphasizes on the change if behaviour.

Meaningful learning derived from the direct experiences of the learner

Providing positive reinforcement so that it would motivate the learner positive response.

Learning can occur through the process of modeling, especially the interesting demonstration of the teacher.

A conducive learning environment will promote effective learning.

Effective learning depends on effective teaching.

Principles of Teaching and Learning.

 Organize physical education, games and practical work Physical

Cognitive

Plan and arrange the activities, using teaching aids.

Social

Emotional & Spiritual

Organize group activity so that student could work together with the peers.

Instill healthy emotional and spiritual values.