Entomology contd.

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Insecticides
Types:
Contact poison Stomach poison Fumigants

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Insecticides types contd.

Contact poisons

Natural e.g. Pyrethrum, Mineral oils, Necotine Synthetic e.g. Organochlorine, Organo-phosphorus, Car amates

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Insecticides types contd.

Stomach poisons
e.g. Paris green, so!ium "louri!e

Fumigants
#y!rogen cyani!e, sulphur !io$i!e, car on !isulphi!e

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Present day insecticides

Group I: organochlorine e.g. %%T, &#C, !iel!rin, chlor!ane etc. Group II: organophosphorous e.g.malathion, "enthion, ronnel etc. Group III: car amates e.g.propo$ur, car aryl, pyrolan etc.
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Insecticides contd.

DDT (Dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane:

'hite amorphous, insol. in (ater, technical %%T contains )*-+* , para-somer, contact poison, -+ months resi!ual e""ects Dose: resi!ual spray: -**-.** mg/s0 "oot, !ust %%T 12--*,3 03/01/14 6 strength

DDT contd.

Contro!ersy in use: regar!e! as a potential !anger to the ecosystem "s. still an e""ecti4e insectici!e '#O research group: its sa"ety "or human use is still remains unchallenge!
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Insecticides contd.

#$C (#en%ene he&achloride or he&achlorocyclo he&ane'

'hite or chocolate color po(!er, musty smell 5amma-isomer 66, in pure "orm: lin!ane Technical &#C contains -7 to -8 , gamma isomer
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#$C contd.

(ction-contact, more insectici!al than %%T, last "or 7 months, acts 4apour e""ect also Dose: .2-2* mg/s0. "oot

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Insecticides contd.

)alathion

'i!ely use!, least to$icity o" all organophosphorous 9ello( or ro(n li0., unpleasant smell, use! in a !oses o" -**-.** 1:;<3 mg e4ery 7 months
10

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Insecticides contd.

Pyrethrum
<egeta le origin 1Chrysanthemum Cinerariafolium) Flo(er contains: Prithrins = an! ==, Cinerins = an! ==- all > are ner4e poison
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Insecticides contd.

E&tract preparation: soa?ing - l po(!er (ith gallons o" ?erosene-). hrs. 1*.- , Pyrithrins3 Dose: 7** ml soln./-*** cu. "eet space.

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Insecticides contd.

Com ine! use-synergistic e""ect Pyrethrum @ %%T

.2, pyrethrum e$tract an! 7, technical %%T at a rate o" 7 gm per -*** s0. "t. area.
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Insecticides contd.

Paris green (copper aceto arcenite'

Solu le in ammonia an! conc. Aci!s Pure "orm: 2* , arsenious o$i!e, stomach poison %ose: ., !ust
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Insecticides contd.

)ineral oils
Berosene, cru!e oils etc. Mo!e o" action: su""ocate an! poison the a0uatic stages C""ecti4eness enhances (ith %%T etc.
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*odenticide
+rdinary care: Dinc phosphi!e, nor romi!e )a&imal care: so!ium "luorocetate Too dangaerous: Arsenic trio$i!e, Phoshorus, Thallium sulphate 03/01/14 16

Insecticides resistance
)agnitude o, the pro-lem:
e.g.. species resistance in -6>8, +- in -68., -7> in E+* an! .**@ in F**

The insectici!e resistance is stea!ily !iminishing the choice o" e""ecti4e insectici!es
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Insecticide resist.contd.

A serious pu lic health challengeG HThe !e4elopment o" an a ility in strain o" insects to tolerate !oses o" to$icity (hich (oul! pro4e lethal to the maIority o" in!i4i!ual in normal population o" the same speciesJ -'#O C$pert Committee 03/01/14 18

To&icity contd.

Kesistance is !ue to iochemical an! genetic "actor

To$icant non to$icant 1 y enLymes3 resistance transmitte! to o"" springs

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To&icity contd.

+rgano chlorine compounds

E,,ects o, poisoning: ner4ous e$cita ility, tremors, con4ulsions etc. .ethal dose o, DDT: .2* mg/?g o!y (t. &#C is t(ice to$ic to %%T, !i-el!rin is 2/8 times to$ic
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To&icity contd.

Treatment: (ith ar ituates e.g pheno ar itone, stomach (ashout, use o" purgati4e ut no oilsG

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To&icity contd.

+rgano phosphorous compounds =nter"eres the transmission o" ner4e impulses

=nhi iting the cholinesterase 1hence there occurs the accumulation o" acetyl choline3
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To&icity contd.

E,,ects o, poisoning:
hea!ache, restlessness, col! s(eating, sali4ation, uncontrolle! urination/!e"ecation, paralysis o" respiratory center
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To&icity contd.

Treatment

Anti!ote: atropine 1--. mg =M, can e repeate! in 7* minutes %rugs shoul! e supplemente! (ith other measuresG

+rgano phosphorous poisoning: e4er gro(ing pro lemG

Strict en"orcement o" legislati4e measures is re0uire!

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